關於黃熱病疫苗
Yellow fever vaccine consists of a live, but altered, strain of the yellow fever virus called 17D. The 17D vaccine has been used commercially since the 1950s. It is highly effective with over 90 percent of persons vaccinated developing a measurable immune response after the first dose.
The 17D vaccine should not be given to infants, pregnant women, and anyone with a diminished immune capacity, including persons taking immune-suppressing drugs.
Many countries require any traveller arriving from a country where yellow fever is present to have an up-to-date yellow fever vaccination. If a traveller is arriving from a country where yellow fever is present, the government may require the traveller to present proof of yellow fever vaccination.
Vaccination is generally recommended for travellers older than 9 months of age who plan on visiting high-risk areas.
排程
Vaccination should be received 10 days prior to travelling to a high-risk area. The World Health Organization’s Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunisation (SAGE) has reviewed the latest evidence and recommended that a single dose of vaccination is sufficient to confer life-long immunity against yellow fever. There is no need for booster vaccination.
副作用
該疫苗是非常安全的，幾乎沒有不良反應的報導，並且已接種了數百萬劑。儘管疫苗被認為是安全的，但仍存在風險。大多數不良反應是由對疫苗生長的卵的過敏反應引起的。此外，神經系統疾病和腦炎（大腦發炎）的風險很小。年齡超過60歲或胸腺摘除或患有胸腺疾病（例如重症肌無力，DiGeorge綜合徵或胸腺瘤）的人應與醫生討論疫苗接種問題。可能建議56歲至76歲之間沒有自身免疫性疾病或胸腺瘤的女性進行疫苗接種。此年齡段的男性患病風險增加，難以量化。應延遲到病毒傳播地區的旅行，直到獲得黃熱病的風險減輕為止。應警告77歲或以上的人們，其風險增加，並應避免前往病毒活躍的地區。在確定患者是否應接種黃熱病疫苗時，患者和臨床醫生應根據季節，旅行目的地和時間，旅行時接觸蚊子的可能性以及疫苗接種狀況，討論旅行相關的黃熱病的風險，並權衡它們與疫苗接種相關的風險。
