Rift Valley Fever (RVF)

您如何獲得Rift Valley Fever (RVF)？

The virus is transmitted to humans mainly by direct or indirect contact with infected animal body fluids (e.g., blood or unprocessed milk), meat products or organs of infected animals, (e.g., through the handling of animal tissue during slaughtering or butchering, assisting with animal births, conducting veterinary procedures, or from the disposal of carcasses or fetuses). Occasionally, the virus may also be transmitted by several species of mosquitoes and blood-feeding flies that also bite sheep and other animals that are the hosts for this virus.

易感性和抵抗力

After having this infection, a person will have life-long immunity. Therefore, in areas where this virus occurs, much of the population may be immune through previous infection.  Unexposed travellers and children may be the most susceptible to this disease.

有哪些症狀？

The Rift Valley fever virus causes fever, headache, fatigue, muscle and joint aches and occasionally nausea and vomiting.  Most cases are relatively mild. However, severely infected persons may develop inflammation of the retina (the eye form of the disease), inflammation of the brain (the brain form of the disease) or haemorrhages (the haemorrhagic form of the disease).  Inflammation of the liver may be accompanied by haemorrhage that may be fatal.

預防措施

除非他們與牲畜和“如何獲得它”中所述的活動有關，否則國際旅行者患這種疾病的風險非常低。在爆發的情況下，應避免這些活動。

治療

There is no specific treatment for this illness other than therapy of symptoms and supportive treatment for severe cases.

通常在哪裡發生？

裂谷熱爆發在撒哈拉以南非洲發生。埃及，馬達加斯加，毛里塔尼亞，肯尼亞，索馬里，坦桑尼亞，沙特阿拉伯，也門和南非發生了大規模暴發。