Traveller's Diarrhoea
什麼是Traveller's Diarrhoea
When people travel to different parts of the world, they are often exposed to a variety of different germs that they have never been exposed to before. When ingested through contaminated water or food, acute gastro-intestinal illness, usually vomiting and diarrhoea, may occur. This illness is often referred to as “Traveller’s Diarrhoea”. A large number of germs (bacteria, viruses and parasites) may cause this illness.
您如何獲得Traveller's Diarrhoea？
Traveller’s diarrhoea is caused by germs that are usually acquired through consuming food and water that is contaminated with human and/or animal waste.
The most common sources of the germs that cause traveller’s diarrhoea include: undercooked beef, chicken, pork and raw fish; contaminated ice; contaminated well water; unpasturised milk and milk products; salad bars; raw vegetables and fruits (like strawberries, grapes, and raspberries) that cannot be easily peeled or cleaned; improperly refrigerated custards, mousses, mayonnaise, hollandaise sauce, etc.; non-bottled fruit or vegetable juices.
These products are often available from street vendors where food preparation and water sources are not regulated.
易感性和抵抗力
Depending on the infecting germ, people who are repeatedly exposed in areas where they reside may develop variable levels of immunity to the local germs. However, travellers to those areas have usually not been exposed previously and are generally susceptible.
有哪些症狀？
The symptoms depend somewhat on the infecting germ, but in general, the patient develops sudden onset of diarrhoea, sometimes with fever, fatigue, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. The illness is usually short lived, mild and frequently subsides in 2-5 days without medical treatment. However, depending on the germ, this illness may become severe, with possible dehydration and with repeated episodes over a long period of time.
預防措施
避免食用不安全的食物和水。應避免的最常見食物包括未煮熟的牛肉，雞肉，豬肉和生魚。受污染的冰受污染的井水；未經壓榨的牛奶和奶製品；色拉條未加工的蔬菜和水果，例如草莓，葡萄和樹莓，不易去皮或清洗；蛋c，慕斯，蛋黃醬，蛋黃醬醬等冷藏不當；非瓶裝果汁或蔬菜汁。不要食用街頭小販的食物或飲料。旅行者應嘗試僅喝瓶裝或開水，或罐裝或瓶裝碳酸飲料。避免使用自來水，噴泉飲料和冰塊。水可以通過煮沸或通過添加水淨化片劑或滴劑來淨化。所有食物都應完全煮熟。
治療
Treatment depends to some degree on the causative germ. In general, maintaining adequate intake of fluids and treatment of symptoms with over-the-counter medications are sufficient. If the condition persists, identification of the causative germ may be required in order to prescribe a definitive treatment, such as an antibiotic. Travellers should seek immediate medical attention if symptoms continue in spite of initial treatment or if severe or bloody diarrhoea develops.
驗證
通常在哪裡發生？
由於旅行者的腹瀉可能是由多種細菌引起的，因此它可以在世界任何地方發生。
