Chikungunya Fever
什麼是Chikungunya Fever
Chikungunya fever is a viral disease that is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito.
The risk for travellers of acquiring chikungunya is greatest if they are visiting an area with an ongoing epidemic of the disease. Epidemics usually occur during the tropical rainy season and abate during the dry season.
您如何獲得Chikungunya Fever？
Chikungunya fever is transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito, the Aedes aegypti or Aedes albopictus mosquitoes in particular. These mosquitoes are aggressive daytime biters specifically attracted to humans. Chikungunya fever cannot be directly transmitted person to person.
易感性和抵抗力
Everyone is susceptible to chikungunya fever, but having the disease once is thought to result in life-long immunity to the virus.
有哪些症狀？
Chikungunya fever is a serious illness, most often characterized by fever, headache, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, muscle pain, rash, and joint pain. Acute chikungunya fever generally lasts for a few days to a few weeks, however, some patients can have prolonged fatigue that may last for several weeks. Severe joint pain or arthritis, lasting for weeks or months, can also occur. Infections without presentation of any symptoms at all have also occurred.
Chikungunya fever is usually not fatal, although a few fatalities due to this virus have occurred. Complications are rare but serious and can include inflammation in the heart, ocular disease, hepatitis, and neurological symptoms, such as meningoencephalitis (inflammation of the brain and surrounding layers).
Recent findings show that after contracting the virus, the chance of developing encephalitis (brain inflammation) increases by alarming rates. Even if encephalitis was more likely to affect senior citizens and infants, an alarming number of cases have been shown to affect adults, with 8.6 people out of 100,000 developing the condition. The rate by which encephalitis occurs in infants is 187 per 100,000 cases, while for elderly citizens over 65, it was 37 per 100,000 cases.
預防措施
沒有疫苗或預防性藥物可預防基孔肯雅熱。預防該疾病的最佳方法是採取措施避免被蚊子叮咬，例如使用含DEET的驅蟲劑，穿長袖，穿褲子和襪子，留在經過篩選或裝有空調的住宿環境中，並在經過殺蟲劑處理的蚊帳下睡覺防止蚊子進入
治療
There is no specific antiviral treatment currently available for chikungunya fever. Care for chikungunya fever patients involves supportive measures, such as rest, fluids, and medicines to relieve the symptoms of fever and aching. Infected persons should be protected from further mosquito exposure during the first few days of the illness to prevent any contribution to the transmission cycle by infecting more mosquitoes that can go on to transmit the disease to other people.
疫苗接種
通常在哪裡發生？
這種疾病發生在許多熱帶國家，包括撒哈拉以南非洲國家、巴基斯坦、印度、東南亞、馬拉西亞以及印尼和菲律賓群島。最近（2013年12月），在加勒比海的聖馬丁西半球首次發現感染。它很可能蔓延到其他地區的正確的蚊子可能會感染和傳播疾病。
