Tick-Borne Encephalitis
什麼是Tick-Borne Encephalitis
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is an infectious disease of the brain caused by a group of related viruses that can be found in many parts of the world.
您如何獲得Tick-Borne Encephalitis？
Tick-borne encephalitis viruses are transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected tick that is found mostly in rural areas, meadows, scrub brush, and forests and mainly in the summer and fall seasons. It is usually acquired through outdoor activities, such as camping, hiking, fishing, bicycling in the woods, and collecting mushrooms, berries or flowers. It is occasionally acquired by consuming unpasturised milk or cheese obtained from infected goats, sheep or cows. It is usually not spread person to person.
易感性和抵抗力
All persons are susceptible. However, prior infection results in long lasting immunity to re-infection.
有哪些症狀？
About two-thirds of all infected people do not have symptoms. Eye redness may be the only outward sign of infection. However, when symptoms are present, they may vary depending on the type of virus. The disease often occurs in two phases. The first phase is marked by headache (sometimes severe), chills, fever, muscle aches and fatigue. The second phase is marked by nervous system involvement, i.e., brain inflammation, signs of meningitis, paralysis of the upper extremities and other neurological symptoms.
Most of these viruses cause mild symptoms lasting for about a week or less. Some of these viruses may cause a fever first and then be followed some days later by all the symptoms of brain inflammation (encephalitis).
預防措施
前往發生TBE的國家的旅行者應盡可能避開avoid蟲棲息地。每日檢查蝨子並及時清除所有附著的蝨子將有助於降低感染的風險。用鑷子盡可能緊貼皮膚並輕輕提起，即可去除cks。已經表明，如果在被咬後約36小時內去除s蟲，則獲得TBE的風險將降低到幾乎為零。但是，the的尺寸很小，尤其是在若蟲階段，可能會使檢測變得困難。驅蟲和防護服（長袖襯衫，長褲和帽子）也有助於防止to蟲叮咬。針對TBE的疫苗僅在歐洲使用，該疫苗已在歐洲和俄羅斯的部分地區針對居住在可能發生高暴露區域的人們廣泛使用。對於大多數旅行者來說，通常不需要接種疫苗，除非他們計劃在發生TBE的森林地區露營，遠足或在戶外度過時間。
治療
There is no specific treatment for TBE viral infections other than treating the symptoms. Milder illnesses improve on their own through rest and symptomatic treatment (such as over-the-counter pain medication for muscle and joint aches). Severe TBE illnesses may require hospitalisation and supportive treatment such as intravenous fluids and nursing care.
疫苗接種
通常在哪裡發生？
導致這種感染的病毒種類包括在俄羅斯（包括西伯利亞）和歐洲其他國家（法國東部，捷克共和國，愛沙尼亞，德國，匈牙利，拉脫維亞，立陶宛，波蘭，斯洛文尼亞，瑞典和瑞士）發現的三種類型）。在亞洲，在中國，日本，蒙古和韓國都可以找到它。在西半球找不到。
