什麼是Bolivian Haemorrhagic Fever (Machupo Virus Fever)
Bolivian haemorrhagic fever (BHF) is a haemorrhagic fever caused by a virus called the Machupo virus. It was first identified in 1959 during an outbreak in the Beni Department in Bolivia. It is a highly dangerous virus with a mortality rate of 5-30 percent.
您如何獲得Bolivian Haemorrhagic Fever (Machupo Virus Fever)？
BHF is transmitted to people when they touch rodent droppings or urine contaminated by this virus, or when they touch or eat food that has been in contact with infected rodent feces. It can also be acquired by inhaling sprayed animal urine that is infected. The vesper mouse carries the virus. Evidence of person-to-person transmission of BHF exists but is believed to be rare.
易感性和抵抗力
All persons are susceptible. People who survive this disease are immune for a prolonged period.
有哪些症狀？
The infection begins slowly with weakness, fever, vomiting, headache and muscular pains. The illness then proceeds to a second phase with the appearance of a rash (blood spots) on the upper body and bleeding from the nose and gums. Vomiting blood and bloody urine may occur. This is the haemorrhagic phase that starts about 7 days after the first symptoms.
預防措施
由於沒有針對這種疾病的疫苗，因此預防包括避免經常在維斯珀小鼠和人之間接觸，方法是保持家園周圍沒有植被的區域。被感染的老鼠猶豫要越過開放區域。房屋應保持清潔，所有食物應安全存放。
治療
The anti-viral drug, ribavirin, is often used to treat this infection although cures are rare.
驗證
通常在哪裡發生？
玻利維亞出血熱（BHF）病毒僅在玻利維亞發生。
