Anaplasmosis

您如何獲得Anaplasmosis？

Anaplasmosis is transmitted to humans through the bite of ticks infected with the bacteria Anaplasma phagocytophilium. The black-legged tick and the western black-legged tick are the most common carriers of the bacteria and can also carry the bacteria for Lyme disease and Babesioisis. Most infections are caused by ticks in the nymphal (early) life-stage.

Since the bacteria circulates in the blood, transmission can also occur through blood transfusions, organ transplants, as well as perinatally to an infant prior to birth.

易感性和抵抗力

All persons are susceptible, however, more severe cases have been reported in those with a compromised immune system.

有哪些症狀？

The tick bite is painless and the infected individual may not know that they have been bitten. The symptoms of Anaplasmosis include: fever, headache, muscle aches/pains, tiredness, chills, nausea/abdominal pain, cough and confusion. Most infected individuals do not develop all the symptoms. In many infected individuals, the symptoms are very mild and may be unnoticed. The development of a rash may occur, however, a rash is a rare symptom of Anaplasmosis and may indicate, instead, that the patient has been co-infected with Lyme disease or another disease carried by a tick. The symptoms of Anaplasmosis may be similar to the symptoms of Ehrlichiosis and Rocky Mountain spotted fever.

In severe cases, infected individuals may have difficulty breathing, hemorrhages and renal and/or neurological difficulties. Anaplasmosis may be fatal if proper treatment is not received (fatal in less than 1% of cases).

預防措施

避免直接與tick接觸，尤其是在warm最活躍的炎熱夏季。避開高草叢生的樹木繁茂的地區。使用含有20％或更多DEET的驅蟲劑。穿著防護服遮蓋裸露的皮膚。在室外暴露後，請盡快沐浴並仔細檢查整個身體表面的皮膚。立即去除任何壁蝨，因為壁蝨附著的時間越長，細菌從壁蝨傳播的風險就越大。

治療

The patient should seek medical care when they suspect that they have been in contact with a tick or symptoms appear that might be due to Anaplasmosis. Early treatment improves recovery time. Less severe cases will recover well with medication; more severe cases may require intravenous antibiotics and hospital care.

Doxycycline is the recommended antibiotic for the treatment of Anaplasmosis and should be the first treatment for patients of any age. Once the patient’s fever subsides and symptoms are eliminated, the treatment should continue for a minimum of 3 days. Generally, the treatment lasts 1-2 weeks, though mild symptoms may persist for weeks after the treatment has terminated.

驗證

• 抗生素類

通常在哪裡發生？

厭食症通過攜帶嗜無食性厭食菌的壁蝨傳播，因此，無論感染壁蝨的何處都能發現這種疾病。全世界都發現了無漿細胞吞噬細胞，但並非所有國家都要求將無漿細胞感染報告給衛生部門。因此，尚不清楚人類感染的全球分佈。在美國，無漿蟲病是可報告的疾病，紐約，康涅狄格州，新澤西州，羅納島，明尼蘇達州，威斯康星州和加利福尼亞州報告了絕大多數年度病例。儘管無漿蟲病可以在一年中的任何時候發生，但在美國最常見的報導是夏季，因為這與the蟲的若蟲期相吻合。