Rabbit Fever (Tularemia)
什麼是Rabbit Fever (Tularemia)
Tularemia, also known as rabbit fever, is an infectious disease caused a bacterium called Francisella tularensis. It is often a disease in hunters, especially people who hunt rabbits or other wildlife that may harbour the bacteria. Outbreaks of the disease may occur.
您如何獲得Rabbit Fever (Tularemia)？
The bacterium is typically spread by ticks, deer flies, contact with infected animals, by drinking contaminated water or breathing in contaminated dust. It is not spread directly between people. The bacteria can penetrate into the body through damaged skin, mucous membranes, and inhalation. Humans are most often infected by tick/deer fly bites.
易感性和抵抗力
Susceptibility is universal. Hunters, game wardens, trappers, and campers are particularly susceptible. Animals that are known to have transmitted tularemia include rabbits (most common), foxes, squirrels, skunks, muskrats, beavers, voles, and even fish.
有哪些症狀？
Symptoms depend on the site of infection. There are 6 characteristic clinical versions of this disease. Ulceroglandular (swollen lymph nodes with overlying skin ulcers) is the most common type representing 75% of all forms. Other types include glandular (swollen lymph nodes), oropharyngeal (mouth and larynx), pneumonic, oculoglandular (eye inflammation with swollen lymph nodes), and typhoidal (gastrointestinal). Typical symptoms include abrupt onset of fever, headache, chills and rigours, myalgia (muscle aches especially the low back), coryza (red eyes), and sore throat. Symptoms may also include skin ulcers and enlarged lymph nodes.
預防措施
沒有針對Tularemia的安全，可用和批准的疫苗。預防措施包括使用驅蟲劑，穿長褲，快速去除蝨子和不打擾死動物。獵人給可能被感染的動物剝皮時，應使用口罩。
治療
Treatment includes antibiotics such as streptomycin or gentamicin. Doxycycline has also been used.
驗證
通常在哪裡發生？
Tularemia在北半球無處不在，包括美國，歐洲，俄羅斯和前蘇聯共和國，日本和西班牙。
