Zika Fever
什麼是Zika Fever
Zika Fever is caused by a virus that is related to dengue, yellow fever, West Nile and Japanese encephalitis viruses. The virus was first discovered in 1947 in a rhesus monkey in the Zika Forest of Uganda and was subsequently found to cause an illness when it was found for the first time in humans in 1968 in Nigeria.
您如何獲得Zika Fever?
Zika virus is transmitted by the bite of infected mosquitoes, the same ones that transmit dengue fever and other mosquito borne viruses. In addition, the virus can be sexually transmitted from human to human.
易感性和抵抗力
There is no natural immunity to this virus. So, everyone is susceptible.
有哪些症狀?
Zika virus causes a relatively mild flu-like illness beginning with a mild headache, then followed by a skin rash, fever, fatigue, conjunctivitis (redness in the eye), and arthralgia (joint pains). Within 2 days, the rash fades, and within 3 days, the fever ends.
There is strong scientific evidence that this virus is the cause of microcephaly (small brain) and other neurological abnormalities in newborn infants.
GUILLIAN-BARRE SYNDROME
Guillain–Barré syndrome is relatively rare condition characterized by the rapid-onset of a neurological illness with muscle weakness that may develop over half a day to four weeks and that may affect the breathing muscles.
預防措施
唯一的預防措施是避免蚊蟲叮咬,尤其是在這種病毒活躍爆發的地區。世界衛生組織指出,應建議孕婦不要前往寨卡病毒爆發地區。與性伴侶一起生活或前往寨卡病毒暴發地區旅行的孕婦,應確保在懷孕期間進行安全的性行為或戒除性行為,並在可能的接觸後發生性傳播危險前往寨卡病毒流行地區的男性或女性可能被感染而沒有症狀。根據新證據,從寨卡病毒活躍傳播地區返回的無症狀男性更安全的性行為建議時間從8周延長至6個月。這與有症狀男性建議的時間長度相同。現在,無論女性是否有症狀,該建議也適用於女性。如果男人的伴侶已懷孕,則夫妻在懷孕期間應使用避孕套或不做愛。感染婦女多長時間後才可以將病毒傳播給伴侶。格林-巴雷綜合徵(Guillain-BarréSyndrome)目前,支持Zika病毒與該綜合徵之間關聯的科學證據正在增長。作為預防措施,旅行者可將接觸寨卡病毒的風險降至最低。如果在訪問存在寨卡病毒的地區後出現神經系統症狀,旅客應立即諮詢醫生。
治療
There is no vaccine or preventive drug for Zika virus, and only treatment of symptoms is possible.
通常在哪裡發生?
在烏干達發現後,該病毒已傳播到其他非洲國家,例如烏干達,坦桑尼亞,埃及,中非共和國,塞拉利昂和加蓬,以及亞洲的部分地區,包括印度,馬來西亞,菲律賓,泰國,越南和印度尼西亞和太平洋幾個島嶼。
該病在非洲和亞洲以外的首次爆發是在2007年4月,在密克羅尼西亞聯邦的Yap島上。
2015年4月,巴西卡馬薩里(Camaçari)地區和巴伊亞州首府薩爾瓦多市爆發了一次新的大規模疫情。