Norovirus (Stomach flu)
什麼是Norovirus (Stomach flu)
Norovirus and Norwalk virus belong to a group of very similar viruses called Norwalk agents, Norwalk-like agents, Noroviruses, etc. that cause an acute diarrhoeal illness. Gastro-intestinal illness with nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea may be caused by many viruses. The Norwalk-like agents, Norovirus, etc. are one group of viruses that can cause this illness.
您如何獲得Norovirus (Stomach flu)？
These viruses are transmitted from person to person through direct contact with a sick person and poor personal hygiene. These viruses may persist in the environment (e.g., on door knobs, stair railings, etc.) where they come in contact with hands and are then transferred to the mouth.
Human-to-human transmission through personal contact is common. People are infectious during the acute phase of the illness and perhaps up to 48 hours after the diarrhoea stops.
In hospital settings, these viruses are sometimes transmitted by inhaling respiratory droplets coughed into the air by patients.
易感性和抵抗力
Most people are susceptible since immunity after the illness is usually short-lived (up to 14 weeks).
有哪些症狀？
Infection with this group of viruses is usually a mild to moderate self-limiting illness characterized by the rapid onset of nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. Abdominal pain, muscle aches, headache and fatigue may also be present with a slight fever. The symptoms usually last 24-48 hours.
預防措施
良好的個人衛生和洗手是最好的預防措施。如果與嘔吐和腹瀉的任何人接觸，建議立即洗手。
治療
There is no specific treatment other than symptom relief and maintenance of adequate intake of fluids. Antibiotics are not effective for treating infections caused by viruses like Norwalk.
通常在哪裡發生？
諾如病毒可在世界任何地方出現，無論是發達國家還是發展中國家。
