Oropouche Fever
什麼是Oropouche Fever
Oropouche Fever is an infectious disease caused by the Oropouche virus. The virus is common in Central and South America and causes large and explosive disease outbreaks. The virus was first isolated in 1955 and since that time there have been more than 30 major outbreaks, with more than half a million reported cases. The disease has similar symptoms to other common viruses (Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya) so the precise number of infected people is difficult to determine. The virus is named after the Oropouche River in Trinidad and Tobago where it was first discovered.
您如何獲得Oropouche Fever？
The virus is transmitted through mosquito, tick and midge bites. When these insects become infected with the virus, the virus can be transmitted to animals (sloths, marsupials, primates, birds) and humans through the insect bite. Transmission to humans is primarily by the bite of the midge. The bite of the midge carrying Oropouche virus feels like a sharp prick and an irritation or lump may appear and last for a few hours or days.
No human to human transmission of this virus has been reported.
易感性和抵抗力
Oropouche Fever occurs most commonly during the rainy season when breeding sites for the insect hosts (stagnant water, marshes, decomposing vegetation etc.) are most widespread. The insect typically bites at dawn and dusk.
Deforestation and climate change may increase the spread of the virus by providing more reservoirs in which the insect host can breed, increasing the incidence of Oropouche Fever.
有哪些症狀？
Symptoms of Oropouche Fever include the rapid onset of a high fever, headaches, muscle and joint pain, vomiting, dizziness, diarrhea, chills, sensitivity to light and weight loss. Although less common, a rash (similar in appearance to rubella), eye irritation and pain in the upper abdomen can occur. Meningitis-like symptoms may also occur.
預防措施
主要的預防措施是避免接觸被感染的蚊蟲，尤其是在雨季。避開昆蟲繁殖場（沼澤，積水，沼澤，腐爛的植被等）。如有可能，移開繁殖場所（充滿水的棲息地），使用含20％或更多DEET的驅蟲劑，穿防護服覆蓋裸露的皮膚，使用篩網和蚊帳，並使用殺蟲劑殺死中等種群。沒有可用的疫苗。
治療
The patient should seek medical attention when he/she suspects that he/she has been in contact with an insect carrying the virus. The disease is identified by isolating antibodies to the virus in the blood of the infected individual. There is no specific treatment for Oropouche Fever, however, early contact with medical services and proper care for the patient’s symptoms (specifically pain management) are recommended. Most infected individuals recover after a few days.
通常在哪裡發生？
Oropouche熱是作為病毒宿主和媒介的動物和昆蟲傳播的，因此，無論在何處感染宿主，都可以發現這種疾病。該病的暴發僅限於中美洲和南美洲，據報導在巴西，厄瓜多爾，巴拿馬，委內瑞拉，秘魯以及特立尼達和多巴哥暴發。該病在農村和城市環境中都有報導，在亞馬遜熱帶雨林的許多地區都很流行。
