Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF)
什麼是Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF)
Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is one of several infectious haemorrhagic fevers and is caused by the Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus. This virus is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected ticks, particularly those of the Hyalomma genus, or through direct handling and preparation of fresh carcasses of infected animals, usually domestic livestock. It can also be acquired through nosocomial transmission (from treatment in a hospital).
The risk for travellers getting CCHF is very low, but this risk is increased for health-care workers and for anyone engaging in animal researchers.
您如何獲得Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF)？
CCHF is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected ticks. It may be transmitted person to person through exposure to contaminated blood and patient secretions, primarily in hospital settings. Butchering of infected animals may also lead to human infection.
易感性和抵抗力
Everyone is susceptible to CCHF, but life-long immunity usually results after recovery from an infection.
有哪些症狀？
CCHF begins with the sudden appearance of fever, weakness, fatigue, irritability, headache and loss of appetite, along with severe pain in the arms and legs. There may be vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal pain. A tiny haemorrhagic rash begins in the mouth, chest and abdomen and spreads to the rest of the body. Bleeding may occur from the gums, nose, lungs, intestines, uterus, and in the urine. Heavy bleeding occurs only in the most severe cases associated with liver damage. The fever continues for 5 to 12 days and recovery is prolonged. Between 2 to 50 percent of people with CCHF die depending on the severity of the illness.
預防措施
通過盡快去除任何壁蝨，並密切注意耳朵內和周圍，膝蓋後方，腹股溝區域以及頭髮下方的腋窩，避免出現壁蝨。在壁蝨棲息地（如樹林，森林，灌木叢等）之後，檢查皮膚。避免處理和準備感染家畜的新鮮屍體。
治療
There is no specific treatment for CCHF. There is a vaccine used in Eastern Europe and Russia but it is not available in North America. The use of an anti-viral medicine called ribavirin, as well as the administration of antibodies from a recovering patient, may be useful.
通常在哪裡發生？
該病在東歐，特別是前蘇聯（哈薩克斯坦、烏茲別克斯坦、俄羅斯南部）、整個地中海、中國西北部、中亞、南歐、熱帶和南部非洲、中東（）包括阿拉伯半島）和印度次大陸。CCHF 發生在阿爾巴尼亞、波士尼亞和黑塞哥維那、保加利亞、伊拉克和巴基斯坦。
