Zimbabwe
關於Zimbabwe
| 貨幣 | Zimbabwe dollar suspended (see Facts below) (ZWD) |
| 語言 | English |
| 資本金 | Harare |
The Republic of Zimbabwe (formerly known as the Republic of Rhodesia) is located in the southern part of Africa, between South Africa and Zambia. The population is approximately 12 million people. Although the official language is English, Shona (a Bantu language) and Ndebele (also a Bantu language) are also recognized.
Due to severe inflation, the Zimbabwe dollar was suspended and a new currency has not yet been introduced. The government presently uses the South African Rand, the US dollar, and the British pound.
The government of Zimbabwe is a parliamentary democracy with a president as chief of state elected by popular vote and a prime minister as head of government.
Recently, a power-sharing struggle developed between the current president and the prime minister after disputed elections. This situation led to civil unrest and the collapse of the country’s economy with widespread poverty and unemployment. There have been reports of repression and human rights violations. Even though the economy is slowly improving, millions are still dependent on food aid, and disease outbreaks are common.
Zimbabwe’s tourism sector has declined since 1999 due to the country’s political and economic difficulties, and security for travellers remains uncertain. Nevertheless, Zimbabwe is rich in culture with sites such as the ruins of Great Zimbabwe, wildlife preserves, and the famous Victoria Falls on the border with Zambia.
Zimbabwe的建議疫苗接種
對於大多數旅行者
乙肝疫苗
該國家存在感染乙型肝炎的巨大風險，因此，建議進行疫苗接種。
甲型肝炎疫苗
該國家存在接觸甲型肝炎的巨大風險，因此，建議進行疫苗接種。
對於一些旅行者
霍亂疫苗
英國NaTHNaC向那些活動或病史使他們處於高風險，前往霍亂傳播活躍地區的旅行者建議口服霍亂疫苗。這些風險因素包括：援助人員；那些在霍亂暴發地區無法獲得飲用水和醫療服務的人；對其進行疫苗接種可能被認為可能有益的旅行者，例如慢性病。
狂犬病疫苗
建議參加可能與狂犬病的狗，蝙蝠和其他哺乳動物直接接觸的戶外活動的旅行者（例如，露營者，遠足者，冒險旅行者和洞穴探險者）接種狂犬病疫苗。那些有職業風險的人（例如獸醫，野生動植物專業人士，研究人員）以及長期旅行者和外派人員面臨的風險更高，應接種疫苗。
卡介苗芽孢桿菌（BCG）疫苗
BCG vaccine is recommended for those at increased risk from coming in close contact with infected persons or for unvaccinated, children under 16 years of age, who are going to live in the country for more than 3 months.
麻疹，腮腺炎，風疹（MMR）疫苗
A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for infants aged 6 to 11 months.
黃熱病疫苗
不建議到該國家旅行時接種黃熱病疫苗。但是，這個國家/地區要求從有黃熱病傳播危險的國家/地區出發的9個月及以上的旅行者以及經過有黃熱病傳播危險國家的機場中轉超過12小時的旅行者，需要黃熱病疫苗接種證書。
傷寒疫苗
在該國，由於食用不安全的食物和水，有遭受傷寒的危險。由於在這個國家內暴露於不安全來源的情況各不相同，因此通常建議接種傷寒疫苗，尤其是在訪問可能污染食品和水源的較小城市或農村地區時。
Zimbabwe的推薦藥物
對於一些旅行者
抗瘧藥
推薦的抗瘧疾藥物包括阿托伐醌-鳥嘌呤，強力黴素或甲氟喹。存在對氯喹的抗瘧疾藥物耐藥性。
Zimbabwe要注意的疾病
對於大多數旅行者
Hepatitis A
津巴布韋有被食物或水污染的甲型肝炎病毒暴露的巨大風險。
Hepatitis B
在這個國家，存在乙型肝炎的重大風險。
Chikungunya Fever
該國發生基孔肯雅熱。
Dengue Fever
這個國家有登革熱的危險。
Cholera
持續存在霍亂的風險。津巴布韋經歷了重大疫情，影響了首都，哈拉雷和全國其他地區。
對於一些旅行者
Rift Valley Fever (RVF)
Sporadic outbreaks of Rift Valley Fever (RVF) may occur in this country.
Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever
There is a risk of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic fever in this country.
African Tick Bite Fever
This disease may occur in this country. Ticks that cause this disease are usually most active from November through April. Travellers engaging in outdoor activities such as camping, hiking, and game hunting in wooded, brushy, or grassy areas may be at a higher risk.
Marburg Haemorrhagic Fever
Marburg hemorrhagic fever is caused by touching infected animals or their body fluids ; touching body fluids (blood or sweat) from an infected person or objects contaminated with the body fluids of a person infected with Ebola or Marburg virus.
West Nile Fever
There is a risk of acquiring West Nile virus in this country.
Hanta Virus
There is a risk of acquiring Hantavirus in this country through the consumption of food and water contaminated by an infected rodent or through rodent bites.
Measles
There is a risk of acquiring Measles in this country.
Sleeping Sickness (Type 2)
非洲錐蟲病（“昏睡病”）發生在津巴布韋農村地區。前往市區的旅行者沒有危險。
Schistosomiasis
在津巴布韋發現了血吸蟲病。氯化程度高的游泳池和海洋中與鹽水的接觸不會使旅行者面臨血吸蟲病的危險。
Malaria
贊比西河谷自11月至6月，包括1200米以下的地區和全年都存在瘧疾風險。在布拉瓦約和哈拉雷，風險可忽略不計。
Yellow Fever
在這個國家，旅行者沒有黃熱病的危險。但是，對於來自有黃熱病傳播危險國家的9個月或9歲以上的旅客以及經過有黃熱病傳播危險國家的機場中轉超過12個小時的旅行者，該國家/地區需要提供黃熱病疫苗接種證書。
Rabies
狂犬病發生在這個國家。參與戶外活動的旅行者（例如露營者，遠足者，冒險旅行者和洞穴探險者）可能與狂犬病的狗，蝙蝠和其他哺乳動物直接接觸。那些有職業風險的人（例如獸醫，野生動植物專業人士，研究人員）以及長期旅行者和外派人員面臨的風險更高。
Typhoid Fever
在津巴布韋，未接種疫苗的人會受到污染的食物和水的感染，尤其是在訪問可能污染食物和水源的較小的城市，村莊或農村地區時。
Tuberculosis
前往津巴布韋的旅行者如果拜訪患病的朋友或家人，在醫療保健領域工作或與普通人群密切接觸，則有極大的結核病風險，包括耐多藥結核病。
Zimbabwe中的安全性
人身安全
There is a moderate level of crime in Zimbabwe. Muggings, theft, pickpocketing, and other street crimes are very common. With respect to your personal safety, be cautious, and always be aware of your surroundings, especially at night. Ensure all personal belongings are safe and out of sight at all times.
Exercise caution in areas around hotels, restaurants, shopping areas, and tourist areas such as Victoria Falls. Downtown Harare, particularly the high-density residential suburbs, are high-crime areas.
The safety and security situation is unstable, and tourists should travel with reputable organizations or groups. Robberies have occurred at national parks.
Never make any derogatory or insulting comments about the president, a member of his government, or the Zimbabwean government itself, as such statements are a criminal offense.
Avoid travelling alone or after dark. When driving, keep the doors locked and windows closed. Criminals sometimes target stopped cars. Be aware of your surroundings when driving. Try to avoid being caught at a traffic light. Be particularly vigilant along the road to Harare Airport and on the Masvingo-Beitbridge Road.
Driving outside of cities after dark can be hazardous due to problems such as vehicles without lights, lack of adequate marking of roads, or animals that stray onto the road. Anyone driving longer distances should carry supplies and extra fuel.
If possible, avoid public transportation including trains and inter-city buses due to poor maintenance. Commuter buses or “combis” are badly maintained and often overcrowded, and drivers may not follow the rules of the road.
Cooperate with the authorities and carry a photo of your passport and travel documents at all times. Both travellers and residents can be randomly detained.
Due to the conservative nature of the country, public displays of affection may be considered offensive, regardless of gender or sexual orientation. Same-sex relations are illegal in Zimbabwe. Penalties include fines and imprisonment. Same-sex marriage is prohibited by the 2013 constitution.
Travellers visiting game reserves or safari lodges should ensure the operators are fully licensed and trained. Safety standards may vary, and safety inspections are not generally done.
Motorcades for the president or other senior officials move fast and aggressively. It is an offense to not pull off the road. Security forces have been known to assault those who do not pull over quickly enough.
There are shortages of food, water, medicine, and fuel. Basic services, such as electricity, are unreliable. Taking photos of the State House, government offices, airports, military establishments, official residences, and embassies is illegal. The roads around State House in Harare will be closed at night. Zimbabwe experiences a cyclone season from November to April. Monitor weather alerts closely and follow the advice of local authorities. Be aware that travel plans may be disrupted or canceled in the event of extreme weather.
政治動盪
Civil unrest can be unpredictable in Zimbabwe. Minimize safety risks by avoiding any areas of civil unrest. Taking photos of demonstrations, protests, police officers or military personnel is illegal.
應避免的區域
Avoid travel in low-income districts in cities like Harare and Bulawayo at any time. Avoid travelling to areas bordering Mozambique as there is a high risk of crime and theft. Avoid travel to the Marange diamond mining fields in Chiadzwa, Mutare. Avoid travel near the State House in Harare due to increased security presence and road blocks at night. Exercise caution in Victoria Falls and Honde Valley waterfalls, including Mterazi Falls and Pungwe Falls; at popular safari camps in the Hwange and Mana Pools national parks.
