China
關於China
| 貨幣 | Renminbi. Basic unit of currency is the Yuan. (RMB) |
| 語言 | See Facts below |
| 資本金 | Beijing |
The People’s Republic of China is located in eastern Asia between North Korea and Vietnam. China has the largest population in the world with about 1.3 billion people. It is the region of one of the world’s earliest civilizations.
There are seven main Chinese dialects and Mandarin is the dialect spoken by about 70 percent of the people. Other dialects spoken in China are Cantonese, Wu, Min, Xiang, Gan, and Hakka. Many other languages are spoken by ethnic minorities.
For more than 4,000 years, China’s political system was based on hereditary monarchies known as dynasties. The last dynasty, the Qing, ended in 1911 with the founding of the Republic of China. In 1949, the communist party won a protracted civil war and established the People’s Republic of China on mainland China. The defeated side (the Kuomintang) retreated to Taiwan.
The government is centralized in the Chinese Communist Party under a single-party system. There is a president as head of state and a premier as head of government with a National People’s Congress and a State Council. The highest level of power is the National People’s Congress.
China is undergoing major economic and social change. The introduction of a market-based economy has led to reforms that have created the world’s fastest-growing major economy, the world’s largest exporter, and the second-largest importer of goods. As a result, China has become a major superpower with the world’s largest standing army and the second-largest defense budget.
Visitors to China can see the Forbidden City, Summer Palace, the Great Wall, Tiananmen Square, temples, markets, and museums, to name just a few.
China的建議疫苗接種
對於大多數旅行者
甲型肝炎疫苗
There is a significant risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended. Infants 6 to 11 months old should also be vaccinated against the disease.
乙肝疫苗
Due to a significant risk of exposure to hepatitis B, vaccination is recommended.
對於一些旅行者
卡介苗芽孢桿菌（BCG）疫苗
Vaccination is recommended for all unvaccinated adults, children under 16 years of age, staying for more than 3 months in the country. A tuberculin skin test is required prior to administering vaccination for all children from 6 years of age.
ick蟲腦炎疫苗
Vaccination is recommended for all travelers to high risk areas. There is also a high risk of exposure to those engaging in forestry, woodcutting, farming and the military, such as campers, hikers, hunters and individuals who undertake fieldwork.
黃熱病疫苗
This country requires a yellow fever vaccination certificate for all persons 9 months of age or older if travelling from a country with a risk of yellow fever transmission, including transit in an airport located in a country with risk of yellow fever transmission. This requirement does not apply to travellers whose itineraries are limited to Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) and Macao SAR.
狂犬病疫苗
Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.
傷寒疫苗
Unvaccinated travellers are at risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities, rural areas, or staying with friends and family.
日本腦炎疫苗
This vaccination is recommended for people who plan extensive outdoor activities while visiting rural or farming areas during the months of May to October. It is not recommended for itineraries that are limited to Beijing or other major cities.
China的推薦藥物
目前沒有針對China的建議。
China要注意的疾病
對於大多數旅行者
Chikungunya Fever
該國曾發生基孔肯雅熱。
Hepatitis B
在中國感染乙肝的風險很大。
Hepatitis A
在中國，通過受污染的食物或水接觸甲型肝炎病毒的風險很大。旅遊目的地和度假村仍然可能發生感染。
Dengue Fever
中國爆發登革熱疫情，尤其是東南部較熱帶地區。
對於一些旅行者
Scrub Typhus
恙蟲病，又名Tstsugamushi熱，已在中國部分地區發生。
Tick-Borne Encephalitis
蜱傳腦炎發生在中國北方森林地區的夏初和夏末。
Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever
中國西部爆發克里米亞-剛果出血熱疫情。
Typhoid Fever
在中國，未接種疫苗的人可能會通過受污染的食物和水被感染，尤其是在訪問較小的城市、村莊或農村地區以及與朋友或親戚住在一起時。
Tuberculosis
結核病發生在中國。如果探訪生病的朋友或家人、在醫療保健領域工作或與一般人群長期密切接觸，那麼前往該國的旅行者有患結核病的風險。
Leishmaniasis
利甚曼病最常見於中國農村地區。在農村地區和夜間戶外活動的旅行者感染利甚曼病的風險會增加，因為此時沙蠅通常會覓食。
Schistosomiasis
中國曾發生血吸蟲病。血吸蟲病是一種寄生蟲病，通過接觸淡水而獲得，例如游泳、沐浴或漂流。氯化良好的游泳池和接觸海洋中的鹽水不會使旅行者面臨感染血吸蟲病的風險。
Japanese encephalitis
日本腦炎通常發生在中國農村地區。除西藏（西藏）、新疆和青海外，其他省份均有爆發。旅行者感染日本腦炎的風險很低，但前往病毒活躍的地區和農村地區的大量戶外活動會增加這種風險。
Yellow Fever
沒有黃熱病傳播的風險。但是，如果從存在黃熱病傳播風險的國家/地區出發，包括在位於存在黃熱病傳播風險的國家/地區的機場中轉，則該國家/地區要求所有 9 個月或以上的人提供黃熱病疫苗接種證書。此要求不適用於行程僅限於香港特別行政區 (SAR) 和澳門特別行政區的旅客。
Rabies
狂犬病發生在中國。參與戶外活動的旅行者（例如露營者、徒步旅行者、騎自行車者、冒險旅行者和洞穴探險者）可能會直接接觸狂犬病狗、蝙蝠和其他哺乳動物。那些有職業風險的人（如獸醫、野生動物專業人士、研究人員）以及長期旅行者和外籍人士面臨更高的風險。
China中的安全性
人身安全
Travellers in China are reminded that laws are strictly enforced, and offenders may be fined, detained, arrested, or deported. Petty crime, such as pickpocketing, purse snatching and theft of mobile phones and other electronic devices occurs, even during the day. Criminals target foreigners, especially in major cities and tourist areas. Drink spiking is also common, do not leave drinks unattended and avoid accepting drinks from strangers. Do not hike alone in isolated areas, including on the Great Wall.
Violent crime is rare in China, however, petty crime, such as pickpocketing and theft, is prevalent and foreigners are the major target. Carry your passport with you at all times as travellers may be asked to produce ID. Ensure, however, that your passport is kept in a secure location.
There has been an increase in cases of extortion by taxi drivers. Also, foreigners have been approached by strangers and invited to a nearby establishment for a drink, only to be presented with a large bill and forced to pay. Be cautious of strangers asking to “practice English” or to accompany them to nearby locations. Be aware of “tea tasting”, “massage”, or other scams.
Travellers should be aware that weapons are prohibited, and foreigners have been prosecuted for possession of prohibited weapons. The laws apply to those transiting Hong Kong airport and apply to carry-on luggage, luggage in transit, and checked luggage. Prohibited weapons include slingshots, stun devices, any spear or dart guns, knuckledusters, etc.
China has a zero-tolerance policy about drugs. Severe penalties for drug-related offences include the death penalty.
Driving in China requires a Chinese driver’s license. To purchase a train ticket, travellers must show their passport. Theft on trains is common.
Always ask permission before taking photos of Buddhist monasteries. Note that there is sometimes a fee associated with this.
Internet access is strictly restricted by Chinese authorities.
LGBTI travellers should note that although homosexuality is legal in China, same-sex marriage is prohibited and anti-discrimination laws are not in place. LGBTI travellers may face discrimination and should avoid open displays of affection.
China is affected by earthquakes, tsunamis, flooding, and typhoons (in May-November). Monitor local news sources closely for information about natural disasters.
極端暴力
Terrorist attacks are possible either targeted or random. Such attacks occur in places frequented by travelers and expats. Since 2014, violent attacks (including knife attacks) have caused injuries and deaths in public places. They have occured in railway stations and markets. It is advised to exercise caution and remain vigilant during national holidays or when transiting public transport hubs.
政治動盪
Minimize safety risk by avoiding public and political gatherings and demonstrations in any city. Even peaceful protests can quickly and unexpectedly become violent. Those choosing to participate in demonstrations face the risk of arrest and/or deportation. During periods of tension, some news reporting, access to text-messaging, the internet and to international telephone lines may be blocked.
應避免的區域
Exercise a high degree of caution when travelling in the Tibet Autonomous Region (Xizang) and Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region as police presence, violence and unrest are common in this region, and ethnic minorities have been detained. Travellers must obtain a permit before travelling to this region. Authorities may also impose curfews and restrictions on short notice.
