Nigeria

Nigeria的建議疫苗接種

對於大多數旅行者

乙肝疫苗

There is a significant risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.

甲型肝炎疫苗

There is a significant risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.

脊髓灰質炎疫苗

Travellers in any country that reports cases of polio can reduce their risk of exposure to polio virus by ensuring that their childhood vaccinations, including polio, are up-to-date prior to travelling. Residents (and visitors for more than 4 weeks) from infected areas should receive an additional dose of oral polio vaccine or inactivated polio vaccine within 4 weeks to 12 months before travelling.

對於一些旅行者

黃熱病疫苗

**There is a risk of yellow fever transmission in Nigeria. This country requires a yellow fever vaccination certificate for travellers over 9 months of age arriving from countries/territories at risk for yellow fever transmission, and travellers having transited through an airport in a country/territory at risk for yellow fever transmission.**

腦膜炎疫苗

Because this country is located in the sub-Saharan meningitis belt, vaccination against meningitis is recommended if travelling during the dry season (December to June).

傷寒疫苗

There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities or rural areas, where food and water sources may be contaminated.

霍亂疫苗

**The U.K. NaTHNaC recommends the oral cholera vaccine for some travellers whose activities or medical history put them at increased risk, travelling to areas of active cholera transmission. These risk factors include: aid workers; those going to areas of cholera outbreaks who have limited access to potable water and medical care; travellers for whom the vaccination would be considered potentially beneficial, such as chronic medical conditions.** **The U.S. CDC recommends the cholera vaccine for children and adults who are traveling to areas of active cholera transmission.**

狂犬病疫苗

Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.

Nigeria的推薦藥物

對於一些旅行者

抗瘧藥

**Recommended anti-malaria medication includes atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, tafenoquine, or mefloquine. Anti-malaria drug resistance for chloroquine is present.**

Nigeria要注意的疾病

對於大多數旅行者

Hepatitis A

There is a significant risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in Nigeria through contaminated food or water.

Hepatitis B

There is a significant risk for acquiring hepatitis B in Nigeria.

Dengue Fever

Dengue fever may occur in this country.

Cholera

Cholera outbreaks occur in Nigeria. The risk to travellers is low unless living or working in poor sanitary conditions, drinking untreated water or eating poorly cooked or raw seafood in this country.

Chikungunya Fever

Chikungunya fever may occur in this country.

對於一些旅行者

Lassa Fever

**There may be sporadic cases of Lassa Fever.**

Typhoid Fever

Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in Nigeria, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where food and water sources may be contaminated.

Yellow Fever

**There is a risk of yellow fever transmission in Nigeria. This country requires a yellow fever vaccination certificate for travellers over 9 months of age arriving from countries/territories at risk for yellow fever transmission, and travellers having transited through an airport in a country/territory at risk for yellow fever transmission.**

River blindness

Onchocerciasis occurs in Nigeria, but the risk to short-term travellers is low unless living or working near black flies or staying in this country for longer than 3 months.

Polio

**This country has reported cases of Polio.**

Meningitis

Meningitis outbreaks occur in Nigeria. Travellers who visit during the dry season (December to June) or expect to have prolonged contact with the local population are especially at risk.

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis occurs in Nigeria. Travellers to Nigeria are at risk for tuberculosis if visiting sick friends or family, working in the health care field, or having close prolonged contact with the general population.

Zika Fever

Zika fever may occur in Nigeria.

Malaria

All areas of Nigeria are at high risk for malaria.

Rabies

Rabies occurs in this country. Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.

Leishmaniasis

Sporadic cases of leishmaniasis occur in Nigeria.

Nigeria中的安全性

人身安全

Travellers should avoid any non-essential travel to Nigeria due to violent crime, serious disturbances, and militant activity. The security situation in Nigeria is highly unstable, and the risk of kidnappings, armed attacks, banditry, and violent assault is considerable.

The level of crime throughout Nigeria is high. Armed robberies, hostage taking, car-jacking, and violent assaults, particularly conducted by large well-armed groups, are common. Foreigners should be accompanied by an escort vehicle with police when arriving at or leaving from an airport as these main routes frequently experience car-jacking.

Any travellers to Nigeria should maintain an extremely high level of vigilance. Travellers are advised against all unnecessary road travel after dark. Major cities, such as Abuja and Lagos, experience high levels of violent crime, including armed attacks against foreign nationals and assaults in tourist areas. Crowds, public gatherings, and demonstrations should be avoided. Copies of travel documents and identification should be carried at all times, and official documents should be stored safely. Do not display any signs of affluence.

Same-sex sexual relations are illegal in Nigeria. Entering into same-sex marriage contracts and civil unions is also criminalized with punishments including fines and prison sentences of up to 14 years. Same-sex marriage contracts and civil unions entered into in a foreign country are not recognized under Nigerian law. Public displays of affection between persons of the same sex are also punishable by up to ten years imprisonment. In the following northern states, where Sharia law applies, penalties can also include death: Bauchi, Borno, Gombe, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Niger, Sokoto, Yobe, and Zamfara.

極端暴力

Violent outbreaks have been reported in northern Nigeria. Hundreds of people were killed and injured during violent confrontations between Nigerian police and members of a local sect in the northern states of Nigeria in July 2009. There is a heightened security presence in northern cities and road checkpoints have been established.

政治動盪

Demonstrations or protest rallies may occur. Travellers are advised to avoid the areas of protest, as they may turn violent at any time.

應避免的區域

Avoid travelling to Borno, Yobe, Kogi, Adamawa, Bauchi, Gombe, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, and Zamfara states due to terrorism and kidnapping. Avoid coastal areas of Akwa Ibom, Bayelsa, Cross River, Delta, and Rivers states (with the exception of Port Harcourt) due to crime, kidnapping, and maritime crime.