Zambia
關於Zambia
| 貨幣 | Zambian Kwacha (ZMW) |
| 語言 | English |
| 資本金 | Lusaka |
The Republic of Zambia is located in southern Africa between the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north and Zimbabwe to the south. The population is approximately 13.8 million people. The population is concentrated mainly around Lusaka in the south and the Copperbelt to the northwest. Although the official language is English, many officially recognised regional languages are spoken (Bemba, Nyanja, Tonga, Lozi, Lunda, Kaonde, Luvale, and Chichewa).
The government of Zambia is a republic with a president as chief of state and head of government. The president is elected by popular vote.
In 1924 this territory was under the British Colonial Office. In 1953, the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland was formed from remnants of lands, and boundaries were drawn with no consideration for tribal areas and lands or natural boundaries. The lack of cohesiveness led to constant political turmoil for a long period of time. This Federation dissolved in 1963, and in 1964, what was formerly Northern Rhodesia became the independent Republic of Zambia.
Zambia’s economy has depended on copper mining and exports and, therefore, has had strong growth with high copper prices in recent years. Despite the strong copper sector, Zambia is one of the world’s poorest countries and still struggles with high poverty rates, with a majority of the population living below the poverty line. Zambia’s economy is also impacted by high birth rates and a very high incidence of HIV/AIDS. The country has received thousands of refugees fleeing the fighting in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The country’s strong reliance on the copper and mining sector also makes the economy vulnerable to any fluctuations in the price of copper.
The tourism sector in Zambia is small, but in 2007, the parliament passed a mandate to promote and market Zambia as a tourist destination. Zambia has wildlife parks and also Victoria Falls in the southwest. The Zambezi River contains rare species of fish, and the country has diverse species of birds.
Zambia的建議疫苗接種
對於大多數旅行者
乙肝疫苗
該國家存在感染乙型肝炎的巨大風險，因此，建議進行疫苗接種。
甲型肝炎疫苗
該國家存在接觸甲型肝炎的巨大風險，因此，建議進行疫苗接種。
對於一些旅行者
狂犬病疫苗
建議參加可能與狂犬病的狗，蝙蝠和其他哺乳動物直接接觸的戶外活動的旅行者（例如，露營者，遠足者，冒險旅行者和洞穴探險者）接種狂犬病疫苗。那些有職業風險的人（例如獸醫，野生動植物專業人士，研究人員）以及長期旅行者和外派人員面臨的風險更高，應接種疫苗。
麻疹，腮腺炎，風疹（MMR）疫苗
A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for all travellers over 6 months of age.
脊髓灰質炎疫苗
Travellers who intend to visit this country for 4 weeks or more may be required to show proof of polio vaccination taken 4 weeks to 12 months prior to arrival in the country. Failure to produce this documentation may result in vaccination at the entry ports. Childhood vaccinations, including polio, should be up-to-date prior to travel.
黃熱病疫苗
該國家/地區要求9月齡或以上的有黃熱病傳播危險國家的旅客以及經過有黃熱病傳播危險國家的機場中轉超過12小時的旅行者提供黃熱病疫苗接種證書。
霍亂疫苗
英國NaTHNaC向那些活動或病史使他們處於高風險，前往霍亂傳播活躍地區的旅行者建議口服霍亂疫苗。這些風險因素包括：援助人員；那些在霍亂暴發地區無法獲得飲用水和醫療服務的人；對其進行疫苗接種可能被認為可能有益的旅行者，例如慢性病。 美國疾病預防控制中心向年齡在18-64歲且計劃前往霍亂傳播活躍地區的旅行者推薦霍亂疫苗。疾病預防控制中心指出，大多數旅行者不會前往霍亂傳播活躍地區，安全的飲食和飲水習慣可以預防許多霍亂感染。
傷寒疫苗
在該國，由於食用不安全的食物和水，有遭受傷寒的危險。由於在這個國家/地區，暴露於不安全來源的情況有所不同，因此通常建議接種傷寒疫苗，尤其是在拜訪食物和水源受到污染的較小城市或農村地區時。
Zambia的推薦藥物
對於一些旅行者
抗瘧藥
推薦的抗瘧疾藥物包括阿托伐醌-鳥嘌呤，強力黴素或甲氟喹。存在對氯喹的抗瘧疾藥物耐藥性。
Zambia要注意的疾病
對於大多數旅行者
Hepatitis A
在讚比亞，受污染的食物或水有很大的A型肝炎病毒暴露風險。
Chikungunya Fever
基孔肯雅熱在這個國家發生。
Dengue Fever
贊比亞發生登革熱暴發。
Cholera
贊比亞爆發霍亂疫情。除非在讚比亞生活或工作在衛生條件差，喝未經處理的水或吃不好的煮熟或生的海鮮，否則旅行者的風險很低。
Hepatitis B
在讚比亞，存在乙型肝炎的重大風險。
對於一些旅行者
Rabies
狂犬病發生在這個國家。參與戶外活動的旅行者（例如露營者，遠足者，冒險旅行者和洞穴探險者）可能與狂犬病的狗，蝙蝠和其他哺乳動物直接接觸。那些有職業風險的人（例如獸醫，野生動植物專業人士，研究人員）以及長期旅行者和外派人員面臨的風險更高。
Polio
Vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) was detected in this country, with the potential risk of global circulation. Unvaccinated or under-vaccinated travellers are at a higher risk if they come in direct contact with an infected person or through contaminated food and water, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas with poor hygiene standards.
Hanta Virus
There is a risk of acquiring Hantavirus in this country through the consumption of food and water contaminated by an infected rodent or through rodent bites.
Rift Valley Fever (RVF)
Commonly spread via contact with domesticated animals infected with the virus. These include cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, and camels, among others.
African Tick Bite Fever
This disease may occur in this country. Ticks that cause this disease are usually most active from November through April. Travellers engaging in outdoor activities such as camping, hiking, and game hunting in wooded, brushy, or grassy areas may be at a higher risk.
Measles
There is a risk of Measles in this country, especially in infants aged 6 to 11 months.
Malaria
贊比亞所有地區（包括盧薩卡）都有瘧疾風險。
Schistosomiasis
在讚比亞發現了血吸蟲病。氯化程度高的游泳池和海洋中與鹽水的接觸不會使旅行者面臨血吸蟲病的危險。
Typhoid Fever
在讚比亞，未接種疫苗的人可能會受到污染的食物和水的感染，尤其是在訪問可能污染食物和水源的較小城市，村莊或農村地區時。
Yellow Fever
該國家/地區要求9月齡或以上的有黃熱病傳播危險國家的旅客以及經過有黃熱病傳播危險國家的機場中轉超過12小時的旅行者提供黃熱病疫苗接種證書。
Tuberculosis
結核病發生在這個國家。如果去探望患病的朋友或家人，在醫療保健領域工作或與普通人群密切接觸，前往該國的旅行者就有患肺結核的危險。
Sleeping Sickness (Type 2)
非洲錐蟲病（“昏睡病”）僅發生在讚比亞農村。前往市區的旅行者沒有危險。
Zambia中的安全性
人身安全
When travelling in Zambia, be alert and aware of personal safety in your surroundings due to the high level of crime in the country. Tourists can be at risk of petty crime, such as pick-pocketing. Valuables, passports, and travel documents should be kept safe and out of sight at all times. Avoid showing signs of affluence, such as expensive clothing. Armed muggings can also occur, particularly in urban areas and transportation hubs. Avoid walking alone after dark.
Do not accept food or drink or packages from strangers. There have been some reports of the use of the date rape drug in Lusaka.
Illegal drug trafficking occurs. Trafficking is defined as the possession of more than .5 grams of an illegal substance. There are severe penalties for drug-related offences.
Safety risk increases after dark. Do not walk alone after dark. When driving, keep doors and windows closed and locked. Avoid driving after dark outside main towns. Vehicles may not be well maintained and may not meet safety standards, and drivers may not follow standard rules of the road. It is illegal to talk on cell phones when driving and also illegal to drink and drive. Road conditions outside the main towns may be poor.
Public transportation can be dangerous due to unsafe vehicles, unsafe driving standards, and poor road conditions.
Same-sex relations are illegal in Zambia. Anyone caught engaging in same-sex behaviours could receive a long prison sentence.
It is illegal to photograph sites that could be considered sensitive, such as military installations, military personnel, government buildings or infrastructure such as bridges.
極端暴力
Although there have been no terrorist attacks in the recent past, the threat of terrorism cannot be ruled out.
政治動盪
Minimize safety risk by avoiding public and political gatherings and demonstrations in any city since even peaceful protests can quickly and unexpectedly become violent.
應避免的區域
If possible, avoid all travel to areas bordering the Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique, and Angola due to border conflicts and the risk of land mines.
