Yemen

Yemen的建議疫苗接種

對於大多數旅行者

乙肝疫苗

該國家存在感染乙型肝炎的巨大風險，因此，建議進行疫苗接種。

甲型肝炎疫苗

該國家存在接觸甲型肝炎的巨大風險，因此，建議進行疫苗接種。

對於一些旅行者

脊髓灰質炎疫苗

Travellers who intend to visit Yemen for 4 weeks or more may be required to show proof of polio vaccination taken 4 weeks to 12 months prior to arrival in the country. Failure to produce this documentation may result in vaccination at the entry ports. Childhood vaccinations, including polio, should be up-to-date prior to travel.

麻疹，腮腺炎，風疹（MMR）疫苗

A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for all travellers over 6 months of age.

傷寒疫苗

在該國，由於食用不安全的食物和水，有遭受傷寒的危險。由於在這個國家/地區暴露於不安全來源的情況有所不同，因此通常建議接種傷寒疫苗，尤其是在訪問可能污染食品和水源的較小城市或農村地區時。

霍亂疫苗

英國NaTHNaC向那些活動或病史使他們處於高風險，前往霍亂傳播活躍地區的旅行者推薦口服霍亂疫苗。這些風險因素包括：援助人員；那些在霍亂暴發地區無法獲得飲用水和醫療服務的人；對其進行疫苗接種可能被認為可能有益的旅行者，例如慢性病。 美國疾病預防控制中心向年齡在18-64歲且計劃前往霍亂傳播活躍地區的旅行者推薦霍亂疫苗。 CDC指出，大多數旅行者不會前往霍亂傳播活躍的地區，安全的飲食和飲水習慣可以預防許多霍亂感染。

狂犬病疫苗

建議參加戶外活動且可能與狂犬病的狗，蝙蝠和其他哺乳動物直接接觸的旅行者接種狂犬病疫苗。那些有職業風險的人（例如獸醫，野生動植物專業人士，研究人員）以及長期旅行者和外派人員面臨的風險更高，應接種疫苗。

Yemen的推薦藥物

對於一些旅行者

抗瘧藥

對於抗瘧疾藥物，世界衛生組織和美國疾病預防控制中心建議使用阿托伐醌-異丙胍，強力黴素或甲氟喹。存在對氯喹的耐藥性。

Yemen要注意的疾病

對於大多數旅行者

Hepatitis A

也門通過被污染的食物或水接觸甲型肝炎病毒的風險很高。

Hepatitis B

也門存在染上乙型肝炎的巨大風險。

Cholera

也門爆發霍亂疫情。除非生活或工作在衛生條件差，喝未經處理的水或前往偏遠地區，否則旅行者的風險很低。

Dengue Fever

可能會爆發登革熱。

Chikungunya Fever

該國發生基孔肯雅熱。

對於一些旅行者

Hanta Virus

There is a risk of acquiring Hantavirus in this country through the consumption of food and water contaminated by an infected rodent or through rodent bites.

MERS

There is a risk of acquiring MERS-CoV in this country. Scientists do not fully understand how the MERS virus spreads. It is a viral infection transmitted through direct or indirect contact with infected camels or camel-related products. Limited person-to-person transmission through coughing and sneezing from infected persons, typically in healthcare settings, has also been reported. There is currently no vaccine to prevent MERS.

Rift Valley Fever (RVF)

Sporadic outbreaks of Rift Valley Fever (RVF) may occur in Yemen.

Leishmaniasis

There is a risk of acquiring Leishmaniasis in this country through sand fly bites, particularly between dusk to dawn. Adventure tourists, outdoor athletes, or humanitarian aid workers are at a higher risk.

Polio

Yemen is infected with vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) with the potential risk of global circulation. Unvaccinated or under-vaccinated travellers are at a higher risk if they come in direct contact with an infected person or through contaminated food and water, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas with poor hygiene standards.

Measles

There is a risk of Measles in this country, especially in infants aged 6 to 11 months.

Malaria

整個2000米以上的國家都有瘧疾的風險，主要是從9月到2月。薩那沒有風險。索科特拉島的風險非常有限。

Typhoid Fever

未接種疫苗的人可能會在也門受到污染的食物和水的感染，尤其是在訪問可能污染食物和水源的較小城市，村莊或農村地區時。

Schistosomiasis

這種疾病存在於也門，是通過與淡水接觸，例如游泳，洗澡或漂流而獲得的。氯化程度高的游泳池和海洋中與鹽水的接觸不會使旅行者面臨血吸蟲病的危險。

Tuberculosis

結核病發生在也門。前往也門的旅行者如果拜訪患病的朋友或家人，在醫療保健領域工作或與一般人群保持密切接觸，則有患結核病的風險。

Rabies

狂犬病發生在也門。參與戶外活動的旅行者可能會與狂犬，蝙蝠和其他哺乳動物直接接觸。那些有職業風險的人（例如獸醫，野生動植物專業人士，研究人員）以及長期旅行者和外派人員面臨的風險更高。

Yemen中的安全性

人身安全

The threat to security and personal safety in Yemen is extremely high due to economic conditions, civil unrest, and active terrorist groups, including the al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP). The AQAP has claimed responsibility for many attacks in Yemen. The threat of kidnapping and terrorist attacks are extremely high. Westerners and places frequented by Westerners are actively targeted. The government of Yemen has limited control over parts of the country. Police do not always adhere to any sort of legal framework and may act unconventionally. For example, police may detain people without cause based on requests from tribes or influential families.

If travelling to Yemen, security arrangements are extremely important. Travellers may need to hire personal security escorts to ensure their safety.

Travel outside Sana’a requires a permit that could take up to 24 hours to receive. Without this permit, a traveller could be detained or deported.

There is a high risk of carjacking. Due to the high risk of kidnapping, particularly of foreigners, do not use the Aden-Taiz-Sana’a highway. Routes in and out of cities can be blocked with little or no notice.

Weapons are easily available, and tribes and other groups can be heavily armed.

Although less of a problem in Yemen, petty crime does occur. Keep valuables secured and out of sight. Safeguard your important documents, such as your passport.

Women have been verbally and physically harassed in this country and should exercise caution. Always wear a head covering, avoid eye contact with men, and cover arms and legs. Unaccompanied women can be targeted.

極端暴力

Extreme violence is common in Yemen. The security situation is unstable and unpredictable. There is a very high threat of terrorist attack and kidnapping. Westerners are targeted. Any international worker or visitor could be targeted (including westerners of Yemeni origin, journalists, tourists, students, teachers, and workers with the United Nations, non-governmental organizations, and oil and gas companies). Your country of origin may not be able to protect you or secure your safe release if you are kidnapped.

政治動盪

Civil unrest and armed conflict occur frequently in Yemen, and the overall situation remains volatile.

應避免的區域

Do not travel to Yemen (including the island of Socotra) due to ongoing armed conflict, and the very high threat of kidnapping and terrorism.