Brazil

Brazil的建議疫苗接種

對於大多數旅行者

甲型肝炎疫苗

There is a significant risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.

乙肝疫苗

There is a significant risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.

對於一些旅行者

麻疹，腮腺炎，風疹（MMR）疫苗

A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for infants aged 6 to 11 months.

卡介苗芽孢桿菌（BCG）疫苗

BCG vaccine is recommended for those at increased risk from coming in close contact with infected persons or for unvaccinated, children under 16 years of age, who are going to live in the country for more than 3 months.

狂犬病疫苗

Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.

黃熱病疫苗

The yellow fever vaccination is recommended for travelers over 9 months of age going to the states of Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Distrito Federal (including the capital city of Brasília), Espiritu Santo, Goiás, Maranhaõ, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná (including Iguazu Falls), Piaui, Rio de Janeiro (and city), Rio Grande do Sul, Rondônia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo (and city), and Tocantins, and designated areas of Bahia. Vaccination is not recommended for travelers whose itineraries are limited to areas not listed above, including the cities of Fortaleza, and Recife.

傷寒疫苗

There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through the consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities, rural areas, or staying with friends and family.

Brazil的推薦藥物

對於一些旅行者

抗瘧藥

Recommended medications are atovaquone/proguanil, doxycycline, or mefloquine. Anti-malaria drug resistance for chloroquine is present.

Brazil要注意的疾病

對於大多數旅行者

Hepatitis A

There is a significant risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in Brazil.

Hepatitis B

There is a significant risk for acquiring hepatitis B in Brazil.

Dengue Fever

Dengue fever outbreaks are common in almost every state in Brazil, and the risk to travellers is significant.

Chikungunya Fever

Chikungunya fever has occurred in this country.

對於一些旅行者

West Nile Fever

There is a risk of acquiring West Nile virus in this country.

Hanta Virus

There is a risk of acquiring Hantavirus in this country through the consumption of food and water contaminated by an infected rodent or through rodent bites.

Measles

There is a risk of acquiring Measles in this country.

Chagas Disease

American trypanosomiasis is also known as “Chagas disease” and occurs in Brazil.

Leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis occurs in Brazil, especially in the northern and eastern regions in rural areas during heavy rains and flooding.

Zika Fever

There is transmission of the Zika virus in this country.

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis occurs in Brazil. Travellers to this country are at risk for tuberculosis if visiting sick friends or family, working in the health care field, or having close prolonged contact with the general population.

Typhoid Fever

Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in Brazil, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas and staying with friends or relatives.

Schistosomiasis

The parasite that causes schistosomiasis is found in Brazil. It is found in contaminated freshwater and not in well-chlorinated swimming pools, saltwater, oceans or seas.

Rabies

Rabies occurs in Brazil. Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.

Yellow Fever

**There is a risk of yellow fever transmission in the states of Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Distrito Federal (including the capital city, Brasília), Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná , Piauí, Rio de Janeiro (including the city of Rio de Janeiro and all coastal islands), Rio Grande do Sul, Rondônia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo (including the city of São Paulo and all coastal islands), Tocantins, and designated areas of Bahia. There is also a risk of transmission for travelers going to Iguaçu Falls.**

Malaria

There is a risk of transmission in all areas in the states of Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Rondônia, and Roraima. Transmission may occur in the small towns and rural areas of the states of Maranhão, Mato Grosso, and Pará, as well as the rural and forested areas in the states of Espírito Santo, Goiás, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul, Piauí, Rio de Janeiro, São Paolo, and Tocantins. There is no malaria transmission in the cities of Brasília, Rio de Janeiro, or São Paolo or at Iguaçu Falls.

Brazil中的安全性

人身安全

Crime rates in Brazil are high. Violent crime, including the use of firearms, can occur anywhere but occurs particularly in cities, such as Rio de Janeiro, Recife, Salvador, and São Paolo and their adjacent shantytowns (favelas). If robbed, hand over all your valuables and do not attempt to resist. Be particularly vigilant in areas outside the south side of Rio de Janeiro, as well as in areas around the Rodoviaria (bus station).

Petty crime, such as pickpocketing, is common in Brazil, particularly in crowded, public areas. Ensure your personal belongings, valuables, and travel documents are kept secure at all times. To minimize risk, avoid showing signs of affluence, such as expensive jewelry and clothing. Avoid walking alone after dark, especially in poorly lit and isolated areas. Be cautious with recent acquaintances offering help, friendship, or hospitality. Drink spiking has been reported. Do not accept drinks or food from strangers and never leave your drinks out of your sight.

Kidnappings, where victims are forced to withdraw money from automated banking machines (ATMs), occur throughout the country. Some ATMs have an anti-theft system that marks notes with pink ink if the machine has been tampered with. If you receive cash marked with pink ink, immediately take your receipt and cash into the bank for an exchange.

The incidence of road accidents is high in Brazil. Road travel may be dangerous due to poor road conditions, traffic congestion, and reckless driving. Exercise extreme caution in rural areas where roads may be unpaved and unlit at night. Avoid travelling after dark. Only use registered taxis and avoid using public buses.

Sexual assault against foreigners can occur. Female travellers should be cautious and never accept rides or food and drink from strangers or casual acquaintances.

Credit card fraud and cybercrime are becoming major problems in Brazil. Check your bank account regularly for suspicious activity.

Theft is common on beaches. Always avoid isolated areas on or around beaches. Do not carry valuables or important documents, such as passports, to a beach.

Follow the advice of local authorities as to where to swim. Strong currents and sharks can make swimming dangerous.

Carjackings do occur. Remain vigilant in your car with windows up and doors locked. Be especially careful at traffic lights, particularly at night. Have your keys in hand and ready when you are approaching your car. Keep valuables out of sight since theft from cars is common.

Brazilian authorities require all individuals to carry identification with them at all times, particularly passport and visa documentation for travellers. If possible, travellers should lock their personal documents in a secure hotel safe and carry photocopies of their identification with them.

Extreme weather such as seasonal heavy rains, wildfires, and droughts affect Brazil. Rainy season is from January to July in the north, November to March in the south and south-east and April to July in the north-east. Floods and landslides are likely. Monitor local weather and news outlets closely as weather conditions could change rapidly.

Brazil has progressive laws with respect to LGBTI rights, however, Brazil is also a very conservative society. Outside large cities, LGBTI travellers should be cautious and discrete. Same-sex marriage is legal and LGBTI couples have equal rights under the law.

政治動盪

Protests and demonstrations occur frequently in Brazil, and in some cases, have turned violent. To minimize safety risk, avoid all public gatherings and demonstrations due to the unpredictability of these situations.

應避免的區域

Drug trafficking occurs along border areas, and criminal activity aimed at tourists may occur. Avoid travelling to bordering regions, especially those in the northern and western parts of the country.

Avoid travelling to the remote Amazon border regions and the Pantanal wetlands. If choosing to go to these areas, do so only with an experienced and very reputable guide as these areas are largely uninhabited and can be very dangerous. Avoid travelling to Ceilandia, Santa Maria, Sao Sebastiao, and Paranoa during non-daylight hours due to crime.

Do not travel to favela neighbourhoods due to high levels of gang violence and crime. Tour companies and city police cannot guarantee your safety if you enter a favela.