Peru

Peru的建議疫苗接種

對於大多數旅行者

甲型肝炎疫苗

There is a significant risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.

乙肝疫苗

There is a significant risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.

對於一些旅行者

黃熱病疫苗

Peru does not have a country requirement. However, there is a risk of yellow fever in Peru. The yellow fever vaccination is recommended for all travellers 9 months of age or older going to the following areas at altitudes below 2,300 meters: the Regions of Amazonas, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Martin, Ucayali, Puno, Cusco, Junín, Pasco, and Huánuco, and areas of the following regions: far north of Apurimac, far northern Huancavelica, far northeastern Ancash, eastern La Libertad, northern and eastern Cajamarca, northern and northeastern Ayacucho, and eastern Piura. The yellow fever vaccination is generally not recommended for travellers whose itineraries are limited to the following areas west of the Andes: regions of Lambayeque and Tumbes and areas of western Piura and south, west, and central Cajamarca. Also, the vaccination is not recommended for travellers whose itineraries are limited to the following areas: all areas above 2,300 meters elevation, areas west of the Andes not listed above, the city of Cusco, the capital city of Lima, Machu Picchu, and the Inca Trail.

卡介苗芽孢桿菌（BCG）疫苗

BCG vaccine is recommended for those at increased risk from coming in close contact with infected persons or for unvaccinated, children under 16 years of age, who are going to live in the country for more than 3 months.

麻疹，腮腺炎，風疹（MMR）疫苗

A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for infants aged 6 to 11 months.

傷寒疫苗

There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities or rural areas, where food and water sources may be contaminated.

狂犬病疫苗

Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.

Peru的推薦藥物

對於一些旅行者

抗瘧藥

Recommended anti-malarial drugs are atovaquone/proguanil, doxycycline, or mefloquine. Anti-malaria drug resistance for chloroquine is present.

Peru要注意的疾病

對於大多數旅行者

Chikungunya Fever

Chikungunya fever has occurred in some regions of this country.

Hepatitis A

There is a risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in Peru through contaminated food or water.

Dengue Fever

Dengue fever outbreaks have occurred in Peru, and the risk to travellers is significant.

Hepatitis B

There is a risk for acquiring hepatitis B in Peru.

對於一些旅行者

Hanta Virus

There is a risk of acquiring Hantavirus in this country through the consumption of food and water contaminated by an infected rodent or through rodent bites.

Measles

There is a risk of acquiring Measles in this country.

West Nile Fever

There is a risk of acquiring West Nile virus in this country.

Chagas Disease

American trypanosomiasis occurs in the western and northeastern areas of Peru. This disease is more common in rural areas, however, the risk of travellers acquiring this disease is low unless staying in very poor quality housing or camping.

Typhoid Fever

Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in Peru, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where food and water sources may be contaminated.

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis occurs in this country. Travellers to this country are at risk for tuberculosis if visiting sick friends or family, working in the healthcare field, or having close prolonged contact with a sick person.

Epidemic Louse-Borne Typhus Fever

Epidemic louse-borne typhus has occurred in Peru, particularly in the mountain areas. It is common in areas of overcrowding and poor sanitation. The risk for travellers is very low unless staying or working in remote areas where infestations of body lice can occur.

Malaria

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention states that there is a risk of malaria in all departments at altitudes less than 2,000 meters, including the cities of Iquitos, Puerto Maldonado and only the remote eastern regions of La Libertad and Lambayeque. There is no risk in the following areas: Lima Province; the cities of Arequipa, Ica, Moquegua, Nazca, Puno and Tacna; the highland tourist areas (Cusco, Machu Picchu, and Lake Titicaca); and along the Pacific Coast.

Plague

Outbreaks of plague have occurred in Peru, particularly in the departments of Cajamarca, La Libertad, Piura, and Lambayeque in the northern part of the country. This disease usually occurs in rural areas, and urban outbreaks are rare. The risk to travellers is low unless they have contact with fleas, infected rodents, or suspected plague patients.

Leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis occurs in the mountain and jungle departments of Peru. It is usually more common in rural than urban areas. The risk of acquiring leishmaniasis is increased in travellers who spend time outdoors in rural areas and at night, when sand flies typically feed.

Zika Fever

There is transmission of the Zika virus in this country.

Rabies

Rabies occurs in this country. Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.

Yellow Fever

Peru does not have a country requirement. However, there is a risk of yellow fever in Peru. The yellow fever vaccination is recommended for all travellers 9 months of age or older going to the following areas at altitudes below 2,300 meters: the Regions of Amazonas, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Martin, Ucayali, Puno, Cusco, Junín, Pasco, and Huánuco, and areas of the following regions: far north of Apurimac, far northern Huancavelica, far northeastern Ancash, eastern La Libertad, northern and eastern Cajamarca, northern and northeastern Ayacucho, and eastern Piura. The yellow fever vaccination is generally not recommended for travellers whose itineraries are limited to the following areas west of the Andes: regions of Lambayeque and Tumbes and areas of western Piura and south, west, and central Cajamarca. Also, the vaccination is not recommended for travellers whose itineraries are limited to the following areas: all areas above 2,300 meters elevation, areas west of the Andes not listed above, the city of Cusco, the capital city of Lima, Machu Picchu, and the Inca Trail.

Peru中的安全性

人身安全

秘魯面臨著日益嚴重的犯罪問題，需要引起您的注意。 2019 年至 2024 年間，敲詐勒索報告增加了六倍，現在有三分之一的秘魯人認識敲詐勒索的受害者。自 2019 年以來，兇殺案翻了一番，在 2024 年達到至少七年來的最高水平。搶劫是針對人類最常見的犯罪。小偷小摸是利馬、庫斯科和阿雷基帕的主要犯罪類型。扒手和搶包經常發生在擁擠的市場、汽車站和公共交通樞紐。武裝搶劫發生在利馬的米拉弗洛雷斯和巴蘭科等旅遊區。快速綁架的目標是單獨旅行者，迫使受害者在釋放前從 ATM 機中取出現金。冒充計程車司機或旅行社的犯罪者在豪爾赫·查維斯國際機場和汽車站犯案。武裝集團攔截城際巴士搶劫乘客，尤其是在夜間。超過75%的秘魯人表示，到2025年，離開家時會感到恐懼。米拉弗洛雷斯、庫斯科和馬丘比丘等旅遊勝地仍保持著明顯的警力部署和更完善的基礎設施。夏季（12月至2月）犯罪率上升。為了應對犯罪問題，政府宣佈在2024年至2025年期間在利馬和其他地區進入緊急狀態，暫停基本權利，但這些措施的效果有限。

極端暴力

包括阿拉瓜之流在內的跨國犯罪組織在秘魯各地活動。販毒組織、黑手黨集團和幫派控制非法活動。 2022年，利馬發生了700多起兇殺案，其中許多與組織犯罪有關。僱用殺人和暗殺已成為家常便飯。 2025年3月，昆比亞歌手保羅·弗洛雷斯遇刺身亡，凸顯了日益加深的危機。犯罪集團將勢力範圍擴大到金礦開採和運輸等關鍵經濟領域。非法金礦開採肆虐亞馬遜地區，2021年1月至2024年3月期間，馬德雷德迪奧斯損失了3萬多公頃森林。毒品販運在阿普里馬克河、埃內河和曼塔羅河交匯處的VRAEM地區占主導地位。光輝道路遊擊隊的殘餘勢力仍活躍在古柯種植區。暴力事件集中在VRAEM、洛雷託的哥倫比亞-秘魯邊境以及厄瓜多邊境地區。 2020年至2023年間，共有19名人權捍衛者遇害，其中近一半死於亞馬遜地區。 2025年，犯罪集團將採礦作業和旅遊船隻作為綁架目標。

政治動盪

2022 年 12 月，總統佩德羅·卡斯蒂略被罷免和逮捕後，爆發了大規模抗議活動。 2022 年 12 月至 2023 年 3 月之間的示威活動造成至少 50 名平民死亡，幾乎全部發生在南部地區。安全部隊使用了過度的致命武力，特別是在普諾和阿亞庫喬等原住民聚居的地區。 2023 年 1 月 9 日，胡利亞卡有 18 人死亡。政府宣布多個國家進入緊急狀態，暫停基本自由並允許在沒有司法命令的情況下進行逮捕。抗議活動阻塞了道路、關閉了機場並暫停了旅遊活動，包括暫時關閉馬丘比丘。示威活動集中在利馬的歷史中心，但蔓延到阿雷基帕、阿亞庫喬、庫斯科、拉利伯塔德、馬德雷德迪奧斯和普諾。政治不穩定源自於對政治領袖的深刻不信任、經濟不平等和兩極化。最高法院於2023年5月裁定抗議活動非法，且不受憲法保障。 2025年9月，針對博盧阿爾特政府的新一輪抗議活動爆發。公眾輿論依然對政客充滿敵意，國會議員面臨廣泛的腐敗調查。 2025年3月，針對犯罪和不安全狀況的抗議活動吸引了大批人群，要求政府採取行動。

應避免的區域

VRAEM 地區涵蓋阿亞庫喬、庫斯科、萬卡韋利卡和胡寧省部分地區，由於毒品販運、恐怖主義威脅和執法力度不足，局勢極其危險。洛雷託區的哥倫比亞-秘魯邊境地區面臨犯罪、毒品販運和地雷威脅。洛雷托、亞馬遜和卡哈馬卡大區與厄瓜多爾接壤的邊境地區有安全隱患。秘魯北部的古柯種植區，包括上瓦亞加和阿瓜伊蒂亞，仍然很危險。利馬省部分地區，包括卡亞俄、拉維多利亞和聖胡安德盧裡甘喬，犯罪率高，應避免前往，尤其是在夜間。皮烏拉省的部分地區有組織犯罪問題。大城市某些地區需要保持警惕。避免在任何城市的安靜區域或夜間獨自行走。毒品生產和販運活動遍及秘魯亞馬遜地區，這些地區的基礎設施薄弱，限制了執法效力。