Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan的建議疫苗接種

對於大多數旅行者

甲型肝炎疫苗

There is a significant risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.

乙肝疫苗

There is a significant risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.

對於一些旅行者

ick蟲腦炎疫苗

Travellers whose planned outdoor activities put them at risk ( i.e., exposure to ticks in areas of vegetation such as gardens, parks, forest fringes, meadows, and marshes) should consider this vaccine. This vaccine is only available in Europe.

狂犬病疫苗

Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.

麻疹，腮腺炎，風疹（MMR）疫苗

A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for all travellers over 6 months of age.

卡介苗芽孢桿菌（BCG）疫苗

BCG vaccine is recommended for those at increased risk from coming in close contact with infected persons or for unvaccinated, children under 16 years of age, who are going to live in Kazakhstan for more than 3 months.

黃熱病疫苗

A yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.

傷寒疫苗

There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities or rural areas, where food and water sources may be contaminated.

Kazakhstan的推薦藥物

目前沒有針對Kazakhstan的建議。

Kazakhstan要注意的疾病

對於大多數旅行者

Hepatitis A

There is a significant risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in Kazakhstan through contaminated food or water. 

Hepatitis B

There is a significant risk for acquiring hepatitis B in Kazakhstan.

對於一些旅行者

Hanta Virus

There is a risk of acquiring Hantavirus in this country through the consumption of food and water contaminated by an infected rodent or through rodent bites.

Measles

There is a risk of Measles in this country, especially in infants aged 6 to 11 months.

Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever

There is a risk of acquiring Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in this country through specific insect, bug or tick bites or by coming in close contact with a person or animal infected with this disease. Travellers involved in activities like hiking, camping, working with animals, and visiting farms and forested areas are at a higher risk. There are no vaccinations (or medications) to prevent Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever.

Leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis occurs sporadically in southern rural Kazakhstan.

Yellow Fever

There is no risk of yellow fever transmission in this country. A yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.

Tuberculosis

Travellers to Kazakhstan are at risk for tuberculosis, including multi-drug resistant tuberculosis if visiting sick friends or family, working in the health care field, or having close prolonged contact with the general population.

Tick-Borne Encephalitis

There is a risk of tick-borne encephalitis in some areas of the country below 1,400 meters. The areas mainly affected are reported to be in the east of the country, the Almaty province and the Sandyktau district of Akmola region. The transmission season varies, however, ticks are most active during early spring to late autumn (March to November).

Typhoid Fever

Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in Kazakhstan, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where food and water sources may be contaminated.

Rabies

Rabies occurs in this country. Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.

Kazakhstan中的安全性

人身安全

Travellers to Kazakhstan usually do not have safety and security problems. However, always be aware of personal security and alert in your surroundings. Petty crime does occur particularly in parks, shopping areas, restaurants, and transportation hubs. Some violent crime does occur. Foreigners have been victims of muggings and theft. Travellers should avoid showing signs of affluence, like expensive clothing or jewelry, and ensure their personal belongings and travel documents are secure at all times. Do not carry large sums of cash. Do not travel alone after dark.

Police may carry out identification checks and are able to arrest those who do not comply. Travellers should carry photo ID along with a certified copy of their visa and registration.

Travellers should note that they are restrictions on the import of certain prescription medications.

Never accept food or drink from strangers or new acquaintances and do not leave drinks unattended. There have been reports of drinks being drugged. Be wary of individuals posing as police officers in an effort to steal money. Ask to see police credentials. Also be wary of men at airports seeming to welcome tourists into cars and then demanding money.

Road travel can be hazardous due to poor road conditions. Drivers may not adhere to rules of the road. Automobiles may be poorly maintained. Avoid travelling after dark. Stay on main routes since some restricted and military areas are not clearly marked. Use only official taxis. Be aware of theft on trains. Avoid using public buses as safety standards may be poor.

Do not take photos of military or government installations.

Due to the religious and conservative nature of the country, travellers are advised to dress conservatively and behave discreetly.

Due to its location in an active seismic zone, Kazakhstan is at risk for earthquakes, landslides, and avalanches. Weather conditions in the winter months can be very severe. Heavy snow, very cold temperatures and strong winds sometimes cause roadways to be closed and can present a safety concern for the traveller. Dress appropriately for the weather and monitor local weather reports closely. Industrial pollution in some cities may also present a health and safety risk to the traveller.

Although same-sex behaviours are legal, same-sex marriage is not and same-sex relationships are not socially accepted. LGBTI travellers may face discrimination in Kazakhstan. Avoid public displays of affection.

Traveller should note that tourist infrastructure is limited outside the cities of Almaty and Nur-Sultan.

政治動盪

Sitata reminds travellers to avoid any large public gathering and/or demonstration due to the unpredictability of these situations.

應避免的區域

Certain areas in Kazakhstan are deemed ‘closed zones’ by the Kazakh Government. They include, but are not limited to, areas within 25km from the Kazakh borders. Always seek permission from the Almaty Migration Police Department if choosing to visit these areas.