Malaysia

Malaysia的建議疫苗接種

對於大多數旅行者

乙肝疫苗

There is a significant risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.

甲型肝炎疫苗

Hepatitis A vccine is recommended for unvaccinated travelers one year old or older. Infants 6 to 11 months old are also advised to be vaccinated against the disease.

對於一些旅行者

卡介苗芽孢桿菌（BCG）疫苗

BCG vaccine is recommended for all unvaccinated adults and children under 16 years of age. A tuberculin skin test is required prior to administering vaccination for all children from 6 years of age.

麻疹，腮腺炎，風疹（MMR）疫苗

One dose of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for infants 6 to 11 months old prior to traveling.

日本腦炎疫苗

Vaccine is recommended if travelling to areas where the risk of exposure is high, and if engaging in extensive outdoor activities, vaccination against Japanese encephalitis is recommended.

黃熱病疫苗

A yellow fever vaccination certificate is required from travellers over 1 year of age arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited for more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.

傷寒疫苗

There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities or rural areas, where food and water sources may be contaminated.

狂犬病疫苗

Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.

Malaysia的推薦藥物

對於一些旅行者

抗瘧藥

In rural areas where there is a risk of malaria, the recommended anti-malaria medication includes atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, or mefloquine. Anti-malaria drug resistance for chloroquine is present.

Malaysia要注意的疾病

對於大多數旅行者

Dengue Fever

Dengue fever outbreaks have occurred in Malaysia, and the risk to travellers is significant.

Hepatitis B

There is a significant risk for acquiring hepatitis B in Malaysia.

Hepatitis A

There is a significant risk for hepatitis A.

Chikungunya Fever

Chikungunya is a viral disease that occurs in Malaysia, mainly in Sarawak. Outbreaks of this disease usually occur during the tropical rainy season but can occur during the dry season as well.

對於一些旅行者

Scrub Typhus

This disease generally occurs year-round in rural areas of Malaysia.

Hanta Virus

There is a risk of acquiring Hantavirus in the country through the consumption of contaminated food or being around someone who is sick with hantavirus.

Measles

There is a risk of acquiring measles in the country.

Yellow Fever

There is no risk for yellow fever transmission in this country. However, a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers over 1 year of age arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.

Typhoid Fever

Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in Malaysia, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where food and water sources may be contaminated.

Malaria

There is a low risk of malaria in mainland Malaysia. There is no risk of transmission in Georgetown, Kuala Lumpur and Penang, including Penang Island. There is a low risk in inland areas of Sabah and in the inland, forested areas of Sarawak.

Zika Fever

Zika virus can occur in this country.

Japanese encephalitis

In Malaysia, Japanese encephalitis occurs countrywide, with year-round transmission. Rural areas are at high risk, especially where there are rice fields, swamps and marshes.

Tuberculosis

Travellers to Malaysia are at risk for tuberculosis if visiting sick friends or family, working in the health care field, or having close prolonged contact with the general population.

Rabies

Rabies occurs in this country. Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.

Malaysia中的安全性

人身安全

輕微犯罪是馬來西亞遊客最擔心的問題。騎摩托車的竊賊搶劫行李的事件時有發生，尤其是在吉隆坡和檳城等城市地區。獨自走路或帶著孩子的婦女是常見的目標。在街上行走時，請將行李放在遠離交通的一側，以降低風險。扒手多發生在購物中心、機場、大眾運輸和旅遊景點等人潮密集的地方。信用卡詐騙十分常見，因此付款時請將卡片放在可見的地方。馬來西亞各地存在各種詐騙行為，包括賭博或撲克詐騙（友好的陌生人邀請您到他們家做客）、冒充警察索要罰款以及出租車司機抬高車費或拒絕使用計價器。請務必核實警察身份，並使用共乘應用程式或透過電話預訂的持牌計程車。在旅遊區的酒吧和夜總會可能會發生飲料下藥的情況。切勿接受陌生人提供的食物、飲料、香菸或口香糖，也不要將飲料放在無人看管的地方。儘管針對外國人的暴力犯罪與財產犯罪相比並不常見，但攻擊和性侵犯仍可能發生。

極端暴力

根據官方數據，馬來西亞 2023 年未發生恐怖事件。儘管馬來西亞當局保持強大的安全措施，但它仍是伊斯蘭國、阿布沙耶夫集團和基地組織等恐怖組織成員的中轉站。 2023 年，警方逮捕了三名涉嫌恐怖主義相關罪行的嫌疑人，但無人起訴。沙巴州東部是一個例外，馬來西亞政府將其指定為特別安全區，該地區風險普遍較低。該地區持續面臨來自菲律賓激進組織的安全挑戰。阿布沙耶夫集團綁架的目標是沙巴東部和菲律賓南部之間沿海地區和海域的漁民和遊客。 2016 年、2018 年和 2019 年都發生過此類事件。 2024 年 4 月，兩名馬來西亞海事執法局人員在庫納克附近的槍戰中受傷。危險區包括從古代達到鬥湖的南北線以東的區域，涵蓋該地區所有島嶼。沿海度假村、島嶼度假村以及這些水域的船隻面臨特別的風險。馬來西亞當局於2021年5月逮捕了八名可能正在策劃綁架事件的阿布沙耶夫武裝分子嫌疑犯。馬來西亞其他地區的暴力犯罪率仍然很低。

政治動盪

2020 年至 2022 年間，馬來西亞經歷了嚴重的政治動盪，包括疫情期間的政府更迭和緊急狀態宣言。 2022 年，隨著聯邦選舉和聯合政府的組建，危機在聯邦層級結束。最近，在 2025 年 7 月，數千人在吉隆坡抗議生活成本上漲並要求總理下台，這是自 2022 年大選以來的首次大規模抗議活動。警方在示威活動中保持明顯存在，並根據各項法律調查抗議者。 2022 年和 2023 年，當局阻止了律師和學生的遊行，對示威者展開調查，並發出傳票。政府加大了對言論自由的打壓，一些政治活動人士因在社群媒體上批評領導層的貼文而被逮捕。 2023 年，政府以涉嫌虛假資訊和誹謗為由禁止了幾個線上新聞入口網站。抗議活動偶爾會發生，涉及政府政策、腐敗問題和經濟問題。雖然大多數示威活動最初都是和平的，但當警方介入時，它們可能會演變成對抗性的。遊客應避開抗議活動區域，關注當地新聞，並遵守地方政府的指示。由於民眾對生活成本、腐敗指控和治理問題的不滿持續存在，政治緊張局勢持續存在。

應避免的區域

沙巴州東部地區因綁架風險，需格外謹慎。請避開沿海地區，包括拿篤、庫納克、仙本那、山打根、京那巴當岸和貝魯蘭，以及古達至鬥湖線以東的所有地區，包括週邊島嶼。菲律賓南部的恐怖分子和犯罪集團經常在該地區發動攻擊。天黑後風險會顯著增加，尤其是在水上和水岸。在吉隆坡，秋傑區有毒品活動和輕微犯罪的報告，尤其是在夜間。深夜應避開咖啡山（Bukit Nanas）和某些路段之間的蘇丹伊斯梅爾路（Jalan Sultan Ismail）。與馬來西亞其他城市相比，八打靈再也的犯罪率（包括暴力犯罪）更高。建議晚上 9 點後避開 430-440 街區的敦拉扎克路（Jalan Tun Razak）附近地區。馬來西亞和泰國邊境地區值得警惕，因為泰國南部經常發生恐怖主義和內亂，儘管這些事件很少進入馬來西亞。每逢週末，武吉免登區（Cangkat Bukit Bintang）的酒吧和夜總會人潮湧動，扒手案件也隨之增加。馬來西亞半島吉蘭丹週邊的邊境地區需要提高警惕，因為這些地區靠近局勢不穩定的地區，且犯罪活動頻繁。彭亨州北部的山區面臨的挑戰並非犯罪問題，而是惡劣的天氣、落後的基礎設施和複雜的地形。