Nepal

Nepal的建議疫苗接種

對於大多數旅行者

乙肝疫苗

There is a significant risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.

甲型肝炎疫苗

There is a significant risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.

對於一些旅行者

脊髓灰質炎疫苗

There is no risk of polio in this country. However, proof of polio vaccination may be necessary for some travellers.

卡介苗芽孢桿菌（BCG）疫苗

BCG vaccine is recommended for those at increased risk from coming in close contact with infected persons or for unvaccinated, children under 16 years of age, who are going to live in Nepal for more than 3 months.

麻疹，腮腺炎，風疹（MMR）疫苗

A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for all travellers over 6 months of age.

日本腦炎疫苗

Whether or not a traveller should receive this vaccine depends considerably on the itinerary and activities of the traveller. In Nepal, between July and December, if the itinerary includes the southern lowlands, the Kathmandu Valley, and the western Terai districts of Bankey, Bardia, Dang, and Kailali, vaccination is recommended.

霍亂疫苗

The U.K. NaTHNaC recommends the oral cholera vaccine for some travellers whose activities or medical history put them at increased risk, travelling to areas of active cholera transmission. These risk factors include: aid workers; those going to areas of cholera outbreaks who have limited access to potable water and medical care; travellers for whom the vaccination would be considered potentially beneficial, such as chronic medical conditions. The U.S. CDC recommends the cholera vaccine for all travellers who plan to travel to areas of active cholera transmission. CDC notes that most travellers do not travel to areas of active cholera transmission, and that safe food and water practices can prevent many cholera infections.

傷寒疫苗

There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities or rural areas, where food and water sources may be contaminated.

狂犬病疫苗

Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.

黃熱病疫苗

The yellow fever vaccination is not recommended for this country. However, this country requires a yellow fever vaccination certificate for travellers 1 year of age and older arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.

Nepal的推薦藥物

對於一些旅行者

抗瘧藥

Recommended anti-malaria medications include atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, or mefloquine. Anti-malaria drug resistance for chloroquine is present.

Nepal要注意的疾病

對於大多數旅行者

Hepatitis B

There is a significant risk for acquiring hepatitis B in Nepal.

Dengue Fever

Dengue fever outbreaks have occurred in Nepal, and the risk to travellers is significant. Outbreaks have occurred in the following districts: Banke, Bardiya, Dang, Jhapa, Parsa, Rupandehi, Kapilbastu, Dhading, and Kathmandu.

Hepatitis A

There is a significant risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in Nepal through contaminated food or water. Infection can still occur at tourist destinations and resorts.

Cholera

There is a risk of cholera transmission in some areas of the country.

對於一些旅行者

Hanta Virus

There is a risk of acquiring Hantavirus in this country through the consumption of food and water contaminated by an infected rodent or through rodent bites.

Measles

There is a risk of Measles in this country, especially in infants aged 6 to 11 months.

Malaria

All areas at altitudes less than 2,000 meters are at risk for malaria, including rural areas in Terai districts bordering India. No malaria in Kathmandu.

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis occurs Nepal. Travellers are at risk when visiting friends or family, working in the health care field, or having close prolonged contact with the general population.

Typhoid Fever

Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in Nepal, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where food and water sources may be contaminated.

Yellow Fever

There is no risk of yellow fever transmission in this country. However, a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers 1 year of age and older arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.

Japanese encephalitis

In Nepal, outbreaks of Japanese encephalitis may occur between the months of July and December in the southern lowlands and in the Kathmandu Valley with the highest rates reported in the western Terai districts of Bankey, Bardia, Dang, and Kailali. The risk for travellers of contracting Japanese encephalitis is low, but visiting the listed areas and extensive outdoor activity in rural areas will increase this risk.

Rabies

Rabies occurs in this country. Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.

Leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis is becoming more common in Nepal. Sporadic cases have been reported in Dharan [Province One], Makwanpur and Dhading [Province Three], Tanahun [Province Four], Nepalgunj [Province Five], and Dolpa [Province Six]. Cases have also occurred in the eastern Terai region of Nepal which lies adjacent to Bihar state in India. It is usually more common in rural than urban areas, and the risk of acquiring leishmaniasis is increased in travellers who spend time outdoors in rural areas and at night when sand flies typically feed.

Nepal中的安全性

人身安全

Travellers should always be aware of their surroundings and aware of personal security in Nepal. Armed robberies sometimes occur, in particular at tourist hotels or against tourist climbing groups. Petty crime, such as pick-pocketing, is also common at tourist locations, hotel rooms, and on public transportation. Crime increases during the festival season, from September to November. Ensure your personal belongings are kept safe at all times. Avoid travelling after dark.

Travellers should avoid showing signs of affluence, such as expensive clothing. Female travellers, in particular, should wear conservative clothing to avoid harassment and verbal abuse.

Trekking can be dangerous in Nepal. There have been reports of Maoists asking for “donations” on popular hiking trails and then threatening or injuring climbers when no donations are offered. Travellers should comply with these requests to avoid injury and report any incidents. Emergency services, such as airlifts and rescues, might not be immediately available and accidents resulting in deaths have occurred. It is recommended that trekkers hire an experienced guide from a reputable trekking company and never trek alone. Trekkers should also ensure they have travel insurance that covers medical emergency and rescue services.

Public transportation should be avoided if possible. Serious collisions, including buses, occur frequently resulting in deaths and severe injuries, especially at night. Buses may be overcrowded and poorly maintained, and drivers may not follow standard rules of the road. Tourist buses are generally safer.

The Monsoon season in Nepal normally runs from June to September. Travel in rural areas during this time may be hazardous.

In Nepal, generally there is tolerance toward same-sex relationships, and discrimination toward sexual minorities is against the law. However, all public displays of affection are viewed as inappropriate in this society.

There are severe penalties for drug offences, including possessing small amounts of marijuana which can bring a long prison sentence.

極端暴力

Attacks sometimes occur as a result of political and ethnic conflict, for example, the Maoist insurgency. Travellers are not directly targeted, however, the attacks still pose a risk to foreigners as they are unpredictable and have caused deaths and injuries, particularly in the Terai region. Travellers should expect to encounter military and police checkpoints, particularly at night.

政治動盪

The political situation remains unstable after a period of civil unrest. Demonstrations and disruptive general strikes known as bandhs may occur. Although they are usually peaceful, travellers should avoid these political gatherings as they can become violent and lead to rioting without warning.