Thailand

Thailand的建議疫苗接種

對於大多數旅行者

甲型肝炎疫苗

There is a significant risk of exposure to Hepatitis A for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.

乙肝疫苗

There is a significant risk of infection with Hepatitis B for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.

對於一些旅行者

麻疹，腮腺炎，風疹（MMR）疫苗

One dose of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) is recommended for infacts 6 to 11 months old prior to international travel.

日本腦炎疫苗

Whether or not a traveller should receive this vaccine depends considerably on the itinerary of the traveller. The vaccine is recommended for travellers with itineraries that include rural and rice growing areas in the Chiang Mai Valley from May to October. Vaccination is also recommended for travellers who plan to spend an extended period of time in the Bangkok suburbs.

傷寒疫苗

There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through the consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities or rural areas, where food and water sources may be contaminated.

黃熱病疫苗

There is no recommendation for the yellow fever vaccination for travel to Thailand. However, this country requires a certificate of yellow fever vaccination from all persons 9 months of age and older arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.

狂犬病疫苗

Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.

Thailand的推薦藥物

對於一些旅行者

抗瘧藥

Recommended anti-malaria medication includes atovaquone-proguanil or doxycycline for the following areas: provinces that border Myanmar, Cambodia, and Laos; provinces of Kalasin, Krabi (Plai Phraya district), Nakhon Si Thammarat, Narathiwat, Pattani, Phang Nga (including Phang Nga City), Rayong, Sakon Nakhon, Songkhla, Surat Thani, and Yala. Mosquito avoidance only is the recommendation for all other areas of Thailand with malaria, including Bangkok, Chang Mai, Chang Rai, Koh Phangan, Koh Samui, and Phuket. Anti-malaria drug resistance for chloroquine is present. Recently, malaria strains that are resistant to all known malaria drugs, including artemisinin, have been found along the Thai-Myanmar border. Resistance to mefloquine and to quinine has been reported from areas near the borders with Cambodia and Myanmar.

Thailand要注意的疾病

對於大多數旅行者

Dengue Fever

Dengue fever outbreaks are common in Thailand, and the risk to travellers is significant.

Hepatitis B

There is a significant risk for acquiring hepatitis B in Thailand.

Hepatitis A

There is a significant risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in Thailand through contaminated food or water. Infection can still occur at tourist destinations and resorts.

Chikungunya Fever

Chikungunya occurs in Thailand, particularly the southern region. Outbreaks of this disease usually occur during the tropical rainy season, however, outbreaks can occur in the dry season as well.

對於一些旅行者

Measles

There is a risk of acquiring measles in the country.

Scrub Typhus

This disease generally occurs year-round in Thailand.

Hanta Virus

There is a risk of acquring hantavirus in the country through contaminated food or coming into contact with a person infected with the virus

Leishmaniasis

There is a risk of Leishmaniasis in Thailand.

Tuberculosis

Travellers to this country are at risk for tuberculosis if visiting sick friends or family, working in the health care field, or having close prolonged contact with the general population.

Yellow Fever

There is no yellow fever transmission in Thailand. However, a certificate of yellow fever vaccination is required from all persons 9 months of age and older arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.

Japanese encephalitis

In Thailand, outbreaks of Japanese encephalitis occur throughout the country, but mainly from May to October. The risk for travellers of contracting Japanese encephalitis is low, but visiting the listed areas and extensive outdoor activity in rural areas will increase this risk.

Typhoid Fever

Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in Thailand, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where food and water sources may be contaminated.

Schistosomiasis

In Thailand, there is a low risk of schistosomiasis. The disease is acquired through contact with fresh water, such as swimming, bathing, or rafting. Well-chlorinated swimming pools and contact with saltwater in oceans or seas will not put travellers at risk for schistosomiasis.

Malaria

At risk areas are mainly provinces that border Myanmar, Cambodia, and Laos; provinces of Ubon Ratchathani, Surat Thani, and Phitsanulok, especially in forested areas of these provinces. There are rare to few cases in other parts of Thailand, including other parts of Krabi Province and the cities of Bangkok, Chang Mai, Chang Rai, Koh Phangan, Koh Samui, and Phuket. There is no risk in the islands of Krabi Province (Koh Phi Phi, Koh Yao Noi, Koh Yao Yai, and Ko Lanta and Pattaya City.

Zika Fever

There is transmission of the Zika virus in this county.

Rabies

Rabies occurs in this country. Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.

Thailand中的安全性

人身安全

在觀光區、市場和交通樞紐，扒竊、搶錢包和劃包等輕微犯罪頻繁。曼谷的乍都乍市場、考山路和素坤逸路等熱門景點經常發生竊盜案。小偷會用刮鬍刀割包，所以在擁擠的地方請將隨身物品放在身前並保持警惕。針對遊客的詐騙很常見，包括計程車和嘟嘟車濫收費用、假寶石騙局、誇大酒吧帳單以及勒索租金損失。切勿將護照當作抵押品。在酒中下藥會影響男性和女性遊客，尤其是在夜間娛樂場所、滿月派對和酒吧。毒品可用於搶劫或襲擊。切勿將飲料無人看管，並事先安排好回家的交通。針對遊客的暴力犯罪很少見，但確實會發生，尤其是在夜間，通常與酒精有關。曼谷、芭達雅、清邁、普吉島、蘇梅島和帕岸島都曾發生過謀殺、攻擊和性暴力事件。 2023年10月，曼谷暹羅百麗宮購物中心發生三起槍擊案。槍枝暴力隨時可能發生，但很少涉及遊客。 2024年的兇殺率為每10萬人2.6起。遊客在曼谷遭遇街頭騷擾的情況比許多國家都少，但天黑後在人少的地方仍需保持謹慎。

極端暴力

針對遊客的暴力犯罪相對少見。謀殺、攻擊和強姦確實會發生，但並不頻繁。公共場所偶爾會發生槍擊事件。 2023 年 10 月，曼谷暹羅百麗宮購物中心發生三人死亡，四人受傷。 2022 年 10 月，廊磨喃蒲府發生槍擊和刺傷事件，造成 36 人死亡。槍枝暴力隨時可能發生，但很少針對外國人。沒有證據顯示跨國恐怖組織在泰國活動。與國際恐怖主義沒有已知聯繫的國內叛亂分子在南部府份那拉提瓦府、北大年府、也拉府和宋卡府發動偶發性攻擊。自 2004 年以來，由於民族主義分離主義叛亂，這些府份已有超過 7,500 人死亡，更多人受傷。暴力事件仍限於泰國南部腹地，主要針對安全部隊，但偶爾也會波及平民。攻擊通常涉及小型武器、簡易爆炸裝置和車載炸彈。二次爆炸通常針對首次爆炸的反應者。 2023年，國內叛亂攻擊事件持續多年趨勢，但數量仍相對較低。南部省份仍有17個地區處於緊急狀態。遊客並非特定目標，但仍存在捲入暴力事件的風險。外國政府人員需要特別授權才能前往這些地區，這限制了緊急援助的強度。

政治動盪

曼谷和泰國各地經常發生大規模示威活動，通常與社會和政治緊張局勢有關。即使是和平的抗議活動也可能演變成暴力事件，阻塞主要道路和十字路口，擾亂交通和公共交通。 2020 年和 2021 年，大規模的民主抗議活動呼籲改革君主制和軍隊介入政治。這些抗議活動發生了與警察的衝突、任意拘留以及使用緊急狀態令鎮壓集會。 2022 年反政府示威活動有所減少，但潛在的緊張局勢依然存在。 2025 年 6 月，數千人在曼谷抗議，要求總理在與柬埔寨洪森的電話通話外洩後辭職。抗議活動恰逢聯盟不穩定和法院請願的政治危機。 2025 年 7 月，總理因違反道德規範而被憲法法院停職。政治不穩定造成了難以預測的安全環境，尤其是在曼谷。軍方擁有廣泛的權力，包括實施宵禁、限制行動和控制媒體。在外國使領館周圍舉行示威活動並不罕見。在重要的政治日期和週年紀念日，也可能發生抗議活動。根據冒犯君主法，批評君主制將被視為犯罪，每次犯罪最高可判處15年有期徒刑。 2023年，至少有258人因與抗議相關的活動或社群媒體評論而被起訴。避免參加所有抗議、政治集會和遊行。透過當地媒體了解情況，並遵守當地政府的指示。

應避免的區域

由於分離主義叛亂持續不斷，請避免前往最南部的陶公府、北大年府、也拉府以及靠近馬來西亞邊境的宋卡府部分地區。自 2004 年以來，這些府已有 7,500 多人喪生。 17 個縣仍處於緊急狀態，安全部隊的權力得到加強。攻擊包括針對政府機構、安全人員，偶爾也針對平民的槍擊、爆炸和縱火事件。協同攻擊時有發生。 2025 年 2 月，針對陶公府和也拉府的政府辦公室和軍事基地的協同爆炸事件，一枚炸彈在那拉提瓦機場附近爆炸。外國政府在這些地區提供緊急服務的能力有限。由於武裝衝突，請勿前往尖竹汶府、達叻府、沙繳府、素輦府、武里南府、四色菊府和烏汶叻差他尼府等泰柬邊境 50 公里範圍內的地區旅行。 2025 年 5 月交火後緊張局勢加劇，2025 年 7 月持續五天的武裝衝突造成多人傷亡。停火協議已達成，但局勢依然動盪。多個地區實施戒嚴，允許加強安全權力並可能實施宵禁。有爭議的邊境地區埋有地雷。邊境口岸可能在未經通知的情況下關閉。在以色情產業聞名的娛樂區要小心，包括曼谷的帕蓬、娜娜和牛仔街，以及芭達雅的步行街。這些地區的攻擊、竊盜和詐騙發生率更高，尤其是在天黑之後。在城市內，深夜避開荒涼地區和燈光昏暗的街區。在湄宏順府和達府的泰緬邊境要小心，因為偶爾會發生暴力、土匪活動以及政府軍與毒販之間的衝突。