Nicaragua
關於Nicaragua
| 貨幣 | Córdoba (NIO) |
| 語言 | Spanish |
| 資本金 | Managua |
The Republic of Nicaragua is in Central America, bordering Costa Rica and Honduras and with coastline on the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. The population is about 6 million people. Although Spanish is the official language, English and other regional languages are also spoken. The government is a democratic republic with a president as chief of state and head of government.
Years of civil war, dictatorship, and natural disasters left Nicaragua one of the poorest countries in Latin America. The Somoza family dictatorship lasted for 43 years of the 20th century, draining the country of revenue and growth by controlling businesses, banking, and the government. In the 1970s after a major earthquake, the Somoza’s used relief funds for their own benefit, and even the elite began to work for political change. The Sandinistas came to power, made improvements in health and education and redistributed property. However, because the United States became worried about the country’s ties to Cuba, the U.S. financed and armed the Contra rebels. Although the Sandinistas eventually prevailed, this war along with major natural disasters, left the country in dire condition.
Nicaragua’s government views tourism as a means to combat poverty. Tourism has grown in recent years, and in 2010, Nicaragua received about one million visitors. Travellers can enjoy rainforests, beaches, volcanoes, and nature reserves.
Nicaragua的建議疫苗接種
對於大多數旅行者
甲型肝炎疫苗
There is a significant risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
乙肝疫苗
There is a significant risk of exposure to hepatitis B for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
對於一些旅行者
黃熱病疫苗
Although there is no risk of yellow fever in Nicaragua, a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required from travellers aged 1 year or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
傷寒疫苗
There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities or rural areas, where food and water sources may be contaminated.
狂犬病疫苗
Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.
Nicaragua的推薦藥物
對於一些旅行者
抗瘧藥
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends atovaquone-proguanil, chloroquine, doxycycline, or mefloquine for Región Autónoma Atlántico Norte (RAAN) and Región Autónoma Atlántico Sur (RAAS). NaTHNaC and WHO only recommend chloroquine for risk areas.
Nicaragua要注意的疾病
對於大多數旅行者
Hepatitis A
There is a significant risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in Nicaragua.
Chikungunya Fever
Chikungunya fever has occurred in this country.
Hepatitis B
There is a significant risk for acquiring hepatitis B in Nicaragua.
Dengue Fever
There is a risk of dengue fever in Nicaragua throughout the year.
對於一些旅行者
Yellow Fever
Although there is no risk of yellow fever in Nicaragua, a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required from travellers aged 1 year or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
Typhoid Fever
Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in Nicaragua, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where food and water sources may be contaminated.
Malaria
Malaria is reported to be present in Región Autónoma Atlántico Norte (where most malaria cases are reported) and Región Autónoma Atlántico Sur. Rare cases in Boaco, Chinandega, Esteli, Jinotega, Leon, Matagalpa, and Nueva Segovia. No malaria in the city of Managua. WHO notes that cases are reported from other municipalities in the central and western departments, but the risk in these areas is considered to be very low or negligible.
Rabies
Rabies occurs in this country. Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.
Zika Fever
There is transmission of the Zika virus in this country.
Chagas Disease
The risk for travellers is extremely low. There is a higher risk if staying in poor quality housing that might harbour the insect that transmits this disease.
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis occurs in this country. Travellers to this country are at risk for tuberculosis if visiting sick friends or family, working in the health care field, or having close prolonged contact with the general population.
Nicaragua中的安全性
人身安全
The crime rate has risen since the April 2018 protests. Street crime and petty theft do occur in Nicaragua. Pickpockets and thefts occur particularly on public transport and around bus stations.
To avoid being targeted, do not wear expensive jewelry or clothing and keep valuables and cash out of sight. Do not carry large amounts of cash.
Exercise caution when using taxis. Use radio-dispatched taxis. If you must get a taxi on the street, use an authorised taxi with red plates and with the driver’s name, photograph and identification number in plain sight on the dashboard. There are reports of passengers using unauthorised taxis being kidnapped and held in exchange for cash. Make note of the number of the taxi and colour before getting in. Agree on the fare first. Avoid sharing a taxi with strangers.
If driving, keep doors locked and windows closed. In Managua, cars have been stopped and robbed at traffic lights.
Do not travel on buses after dark.
Do not walk alone after dark.
Be alert and cautious when out walking, particularly in markets, bus stations, and poorer areas of towns.
Only use hotels that staff the front desk 24 hours a day and have adequate security. Violent attacks against foreigners have occurred in hotels.
Avoid road travel after dark due to the presence of armed bandits, poor road conditions, and poor driving practices.
There are strong currents off the Pacific coast. Rescue equipment is not generally available, and there are no warning signs or lifeguards. Drownings have occurred.
There are no legal restrictions on same-sex relations. LGBT+ travellers should note that there could be intolerance toward public displays of affection.
Nicaragua requires that all medications be in the original container and labeled. Those with prescriptions and controlled medication must have a prescription from their prescribing doctor on letterhead stationery and must include the medication’s generic name.
政治動盪
Violent protests and street violence began in April 2018 resulting in a number of deaths and injuries. Police were aggressive in their response and used tear gas, rubber bullets, and live ammunition. The civil unrest has calmed, however, there are underlying political tensions.
Foreigners are not allowed to participate in local or national politics in Nicaragua, according to immigration law. Participating in any protest, inciting a riot, or other action that might be interpreted as acting against the government puts a foreigner in great danger of being arrested.
應避免的區域
Street crime is common in Managua, Granada, San Juan del Sur, and on Corn Island. Be cautious and alert to your surroundings in the area around the old cathedral in Managua.
Do not hike in remote areas, unless with an experienced guide. Some landmines possibly remain in rural areas of northern Nicaragua in spite of de-mining operations. Avoid leaving main roads. The North Atlantic Autonomous Region (RAAN) is very remote, and some countries advise their citizens to reconsider their need to travel to this area due to drug trafficking, armed banditry, and other serious crime.
In Bonanza, La Rosita, Siuna and Little Corn Island, there have been incidents of violent crime.
There have been reports of attacks on vehicles, including hotel-run buses, along the Managua-Leon, Tipitapa-Masaya and Somotillo-Chinandega highways.
