Sudan

Sudan的建議疫苗接種

對於大多數旅行者

乙肝疫苗

There is a significant risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.

甲型肝炎疫苗

There is a significant risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended. Infants 6 to 11 months old should also be vaccinated against the disease.

對於一些旅行者

狂犬病疫苗

Pre-travel vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) and who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Persons with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.

脊髓灰質炎疫苗

A single lifetime booster dose of Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV) is recommended for adults who received the routine polio vaccination series as children

麻疹，腮腺炎，風疹（MMR）疫苗

One dose of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) is recommended to infants 6 to 11 months prior to international travel.

卡介苗芽孢桿菌（BCG）疫苗

A BCG vaccine is recommended for all unvaccinated adults and children under 16 years of age, staying in the country for more than 3 months. A tuberculin skin test is required prior to administering vaccination for all children from 6 years of age.

腦膜炎疫苗

Because this country is located in the sub-Saharan meningitis belt, vaccination against meningitis is recommended if travelling during the dry season (January to April).

黃熱病疫苗

This country requires a yellow fever vaccination certificate for travellers 1 year of age and older arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission. A certificate may be required for travellers departing Sudan. The yellow fever vaccine is recommended for all travellers aged 9 months and older travelling to areas south of the Sahara Desert, but not recommended for travellers whose itineraries are limited to areas in the Sahara Desert and the city of Khartoum.

傷寒疫苗

There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities or rural areas, where food and water sources may be contaminated.

霍亂疫苗

The U.K. NaTHNaC recommends the oral cholera vaccine for some travellers whose activities or medical history put them at increased risk, travelling to areas of active cholera transmission. These risk factors include: aid workers; those going to areas of cholera outbreaks who have limited access to potable water and medical care; travellers for whom the vaccination would be considered potentially beneficial, such as chronic medical conditions.

Sudan的推薦藥物

對於一些旅行者

抗瘧藥

Recommended anti-malaria medications include atovaquone-proguanil, mefloquine or doxycycline. Resistance to chloroquine is widespread.

Sudan要注意的疾病

對於大多數旅行者

Hepatitis B

There is a significant risk for acquiring hepatitis B in Sudan.

Hepatitis A

There is a significant risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in Sudan through contaminated food or water.

Chikungunya Fever

Chikungunya fever has occurred in this country.

Dengue Fever

Outbreaks of dengue fever may occur.

Cholera

Cholera outbreaks occur in Sudan. The risk to travellers is low unless living or working in poor sanitary conditions, drinking untreated water or eating poorly cooked or raw seafood in this country.

對於一些旅行者

West Nile Fever

The virus is transmitted to animals, birds and humans by mosquitoes. Symptoms include fever, headache, tiredness, body aches, nausea, and skin rash.

Polio

There is a risk of acquiring Polio in the country and is transmitted from one person to another when droplets from a sneeze or cough of an infected person gets into the mouth of another person.

Hanta Virus

There is a risk of acquiring hantavirus in Sudan through contaminated food or by coming into contact with someone infected with the virus

Rift Valley Fever (RVF)

Commonly spread via contact with domesticated animals infected with the virus. These include cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, and camels, among others.

Leishmaniasis

There is a risk of acquiring Leishmaniasis in the country. The infection is transmitted by the bite of infected phlebotomine sandfly.

Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever

There is a risk of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic fever in Sudan.

African Tick Bite Fever

There is an increased risk of this disease in this country.

Schistosomiasis

The parasite that causes schistosomiasis is found in the country. Well-chlorinated swimming pools and contact with saltwater in oceans or seas will not put travellers at risk for schistosomiasis.

Measles

There is a risk of exposure to measles in the country.

Sleeping Sickness (Type 1)

African trypanosomiasis (“sleeping sickness”) occurs in this country. Travellers to urban areas are not at risk.

Malaria

There is a risk of malaria throughout the country, except in Khartoum. The risk is very high in the central and southern parts of Sudan.

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis occurs in Sudan. Travellers to Sudan are at risk for tuberculosis if visiting sick friends or family, working in the health care field, or having close prolonged contact with the general population.

Typhoid Fever

Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in Sudan, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where food and water sources may be contaminated.

Meningitis

Meningitis outbreaks may occur in Sudan. Travellers who visit during the dry season (January to April) or expect to have prolonged contact with the local population are especially at risk.

Rabies

Rabies does occur in Sudan. Bats may also carry rabies-like viruses. Travellers involved in outdoor and other activities that might bring them into direct contact with dogs and other mammals (such as campers, hikers, adventure travellers and cavers), as well as travellers with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wild life professionals and researchers), and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.

Yellow Fever

There is a risk of yellow fever transmission in areas south of the Sahara Desert, excluding the city of Khartoum. This country requires a yellow fever vaccination certificate for travellers over 1 year of age arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission. A certificate may be required for travellers departing Sudan.

Sudan中的安全性

人身安全

Due to the ongoing political and economic situation there have been increases in opportunistic crime, petty theft, muggings, demands for money at checkpoints. Banditry is very common in the Darfur and Chad–Sudan border regions, where several incidents have resulted in deaths. There is a high risk of terrorism and kidnapping. There have been reports of westerners being targeted. Always be alert to your personal safety and security. Keep valuables secured and out of sight. Safeguard your important documents, such as your passport.

In a number of Sudan states, a state of emergency is in place and the government has greater powers of arrest. There have been reports of random detentions in Sudan, including in Khartoum and including foreign nationals.

Permits are required for foreigners to travel outside Khartoum. For travel, reputable travel firms and guides should be used to avoid increased safety risk.

極端暴力

There is a high threat of terrorist attack in this country. Attacks are indiscriminate. There is also a high threat of kidnapping in this country, including kidnapping of foreigners and aid workers. Currently a state of emergency is in effect in the 5 states of Darfur, Kassala, and South, West and North Kordofan. Curfews are sometimes put in effect by the government.

政治動盪

Demonstrations can occur at short notice in Khartoum. Politically motivated protests, including anti-Western rallies, occur in Sudan. Violent skirmishes occur between local communities and armed groups in Abyei. Minimize safety risk by avoiding public and political gatherings and demonstrations since even peaceful protests can quickly and unexpectedly become violent.

應避免的區域

Many countries advise citizens to avoid all travel in Sudan outside Khartoum due to armed conflict and the dangerous security situation. Other countries advise citizens to avoid all but necessary travel to Khartoum. There is a risk of kidnapping both in rural and urban areas. Border areas are particularly dangerous. Avoid travel to the following regions in Sudan: Darfur state, Abyei Region, South Kordofan and Blue Nile states, and Southern area of West Kordofan state

Avoid travel within 50km of the border with South Sudan in White Nile and Sennar states, and within 200km of the border with Libya.

Avoid areas of eastern Sudan close to the border with Eritrea and South-eastern border regions with Ethiopia around the agricultural region of al-Fashaga Al-Sughra.

Avoid areas along the border between Chad and Sudan. .