Laos

Laos的建議疫苗接種

對於大多數旅行者

乙肝疫苗

該國家存在感染乙型肝炎的巨大風險，因此，建議進行疫苗接種。

甲型肝炎疫苗

該國家存在接觸甲型肝炎的巨大風險，因此，建議進行疫苗接種。

脊髓灰質炎疫苗

所有前往老撾的旅行者都應確保在過去10年中接種過脊髓灰質炎疫苗，並且孩子們已接種了全程疫苗。

對於一些旅行者

霍亂疫苗

英國NaTHNaC向那些活動或病史使他們處於高風險，前往霍亂傳播活躍地區的旅行者建議口服霍亂疫苗。這些風險因素包括：援助人員；那些在霍亂疫情爆發地區喝水和醫療服務有限的人；對其進行疫苗接種可能被認為可能有益的旅行者，例如慢性病。美國疾病預防控制中心向年齡在18-64歲且計劃前往霍亂傳播活躍地區的旅行者推薦霍亂疫苗。疾病預防控制中心指出，大多數旅行者不會前往霍亂傳播活躍地區，安全的飲食和飲水習慣可以預防許多霍亂感染。

狂犬病疫苗

建議參加可能與狂犬病，蝙蝠和其他哺乳動物直接接觸的戶外活動旅行者（例如，露營者，遠足者，騎自行車的人，冒險旅行者和洞穴探險者）接種狂犬病疫苗。具有職業風險的人（例如獸醫，野生動植物專業人士，研究人員）以及長期旅行者和外派人員面臨的風險更高，應該接種疫苗。

日本腦炎疫苗

關於老撾日本腦炎的可用數據有限。在5月至10月的幾個月裡，在農村地區從事廣泛的戶外活動的旅行者可能會增加危險，因此建議接種疫苗。

傷寒疫苗

在該國，由於食用不安全的食物和水，有遭受傷寒的危險。由於在這個國家/地區暴露於不安全來源的情況有所不同，因此通常建議接種傷寒疫苗，尤其是在訪問可能污染食品和水源的較小城市或農村地區時。

麻疹，腮腺炎，風疹（MMR）疫苗

A dose of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine before travel is recommended for infants 6 to 11 months old.

卡介苗芽孢桿菌（BCG）疫苗

BCG vaccine is recommended for all unvaccinated adults and children under 16 years of age, going to live for more than 3 months in the country. A tuberculin skin test is required prior to administering vaccination for all children from 6 years of age.

Laos的推薦藥物

對於一些旅行者

抗瘧藥

對於高危地區，推薦使用阿托伐醌/鳥嘌呤或強力黴素。對於所有其他區域，建議使用阿托伐醌-異丙胍，強力黴素或甲氟喹。存在對氯喹和甲氟喹（惡性瘧原蟲）的耐藥性。

Laos要注意的疾病

對於大多數旅行者

Dengue Fever

登革熱全年在老撾各地爆發，對旅行者的風險很大。

Hepatitis B

在老撾，存在乙型肝炎的重大風險。

Chikungunya Fever

這種疾病的暴發通常發生在熱帶雨季，但是暴發也可能發生在乾旱季節。

Hepatitis A

在老撾，受污染的食物或水可能會感染A型肝炎病毒。在旅遊目的地和度假勝地仍然可能發生感染。

Cholera

霍亂可能在這個國家發生。

對於一些旅行者

Rabies

狂犬病發生在這個國家。參與戶外活動的旅行者（例如露營者，遠足者，騎自行車的人，冒險旅行者和探洞者）可能與狂犬病的狗，蝙蝠和其他哺乳動物直接接觸。那些有職業風險的人（例如獸醫，野生動植物專業人士，研究人員）以及長期旅行者和外派人員面臨的風險更高。

Hanta Virus

There is a risk of acquiring Hantavirus in the country through the consumption of contaminated food or being around someone who is sick with hantavirus

Measles

There is a risk of acquiring measles in the country.

Polio

儘管在老撾沒有人類感染野生脊髓灰質炎的病例，但該國最近報告了從脊髓灰質炎疫苗株中獲得的脊髓灰質炎病例。

Malaria

除萬象市外，老撾所有地區都有瘧疾風險。在博科和盧安納姆薩省的老撾/緬甸邊境，瘧疾風險很高；在佔巴塞省和薩拉萬省的老撾-泰國邊界沿線；沿老撾-柬埔寨邊界；以及老撾和越南邊境。

Typhoid Fever

在老撾，未接種疫苗的人可能會受到污染的食物和水的感染，尤其是在訪問水和食物來源可能受到污染的較小的城市，村莊或農村地區時。

Tuberculosis

如果老撾的旅客去探望生病的朋友或家人，在醫療保健領域工作或與普通人群密切接觸，則有患肺結核的危險。

Zika Fever

寨卡病毒在這個國家有傳播。

Schistosomiasis

在老撾，血吸蟲病發生在湄公河的Không島以及Pakxé和Bassac地區。這種疾病是通過與淡水接觸（例如游泳，沐浴或漂流）而獲得的。氯化程度高的游泳池以及在海洋中與鹽水的接觸不會使旅行者面臨血吸蟲病的危險。

Japanese encephalitis

關於老撾的日本腦炎的可用數據有限，但是，該疾病被認為是在5月至10月的全國范圍內發生的。旅行者的風險較低，但是在農村地區進行大量戶外活動將增加這種風險。

Laos中的安全性

人身安全

Petty crime, such as pick-pocketing and bag-snatching, is common in cities, and tourists are the main targets. Travellers should avoid showing signs of affluence, such as expensive clothing or jewelry, and ensure their personal belongings and travel documents are safe at all times.

Sexual assaults are being reported more frequently. Women, in particular, should avoid walking alone in isolated areas and after dark. Avoid accepting food or drink from strangers or new acquaintances. There have been reports of drinks being spiked with drugs.

In some areas frequented by tourists, people will ingest food or beverages that contain opium and other drugs. Be aware that it is dangerous to ingest any amount of opiates or unknown drugs, particularly in areas where medical facilities are limited. Tourists have died in Laos from ingesting drug-laced food or drinks. Fatal drug overdoses have occurred with very small quantities.

The penalty for using or trafficking drugs is very severe in Laos, including the death penalty.

Road travel can be dangerous due to poor road conditions, poor vehicle maintenance, and reckless driving. Road banditry has been reported. Checkpoints and roadblocks may occur in some areas. Authorities may search and detain travellers if identification is not provided. Carry official identification at all times. If you cannot present your identification upon request, you can be heavily fined. Do not travel at night.

Public transportation is unreliable. Boat travel may be dangerous as safety standards are poor, and there have been reports of boats being robbed.

Exercise extreme caution if participating in outdoor adventure activities as safety standards may not be adequate. Purchase travel and medical insurance before departing and ensure your insurance policy covers outdoor adventure activities, including medical evacuation.

Never leave well-used roads and trails due to the risk of unexploded landmines and other munitions, especially in the following areas: the Plains of Jars in Xieng Khouang Province and the Lao-Vietnamese border, including areas formerly traversed by the Ho Chi Minh Trail.

Do not take photos of government or military installations, bridges or airports.

LGBTI travellers should note same-sex relationships are not illegal in Laos. However, Lao remains culturally conservative and same-sex couples may face discrimination.

All travellers should avoid public displays of affection so as to not offend. Sexual relationships between foreign and Lao nationals is against the law unless the two people are married.

Laos experiences a rainy season from May-November. Flooding, landslides, major damage to infrastructure could disrupt travel plans. Monitor weather reports closely and follow advice of local authorities.

Tourism infrastructure is limited outside of Vientiane and Luang Prabang.

極端暴力

There is no recent history of terrorism in Laos; however, attacks cannot be ruled out. There are large amounts of unexploded ordnance (UXO) in Laos; they are present in some parts of Savannakhet, Xieng Khouang, Salavan, Khammouane, Sekong, Champassak, Houaphan, Attapeu, Luang Prabang, and Vientiane provinces. Along Route 7 (from Route 13 to the Vietnam border), Route 9 (Savannakhet to the Vietnam border), and Route 20 (Pakse to Salavan). Do not pick up unknown metal objects, and avoid travelling off well-used roads, tracks, and paths.

政治動盪

Avoid demonstrations and political gatherings to minimize safety risks.

應避免的區域

Avoid travelling to Xaisômboun province due to a volatile security situation. High levels of criminal activity such as drug and human trafficking have been recorded in Bokeo province. Caution should also be exercised while traveling along the border areas with Myanmar (Burma).