Kyasanur Forest Disease (Monkey Disease or Monkey Fever)

如何获得Kyasanur Forest Disease (Monkey Disease or Monkey Fever)？

Hard ticks are the primary hosts of the virus. Rodents, bats and monkeys, bitten by the ticks, can also become hosts for the virus. Kyasanur Forest disease is transmitted to humans through the bite of a tick or through contact with an infected animal. No human-to-human transmission has been reported.

Although animals such as cows, goats and sheep may be bitten by the ticks and become hosts to the virus, transmission from these large animals to humans is rare. No transmission through the unpasteurized milk of these animals has been reported.

易感性和抗性

Kyasanur Forest disease is typically limited to the western and central parts of Karnataka State, India. However, monkeys and people have recently tested positive for the virus in other parts of India. All persons in these areas are susceptible, however those working and spending time in rural outdoor environments (farmers, herders, hunters, etc.) are more likely to encounter Hard ticks or other animal hosts of the virus.

The disease is most common during the dry season (November to June).

症状是什么？

The initial symptoms of Kyasanur Forest disease include the sudden onset of chills, a fever and headaches. Symptoms may worsen 3-4 days after the initial onset of symptoms and can include muscle pain, vomiting, gastrointestinal distress and bleeding. The infected individual may also experience a low blood pressure, and low platelet, red blood cell and white blood cell counts. Most patients will recover with only 1-2 weeks of symptoms. However, some patients will experience two waves of symptoms, with the second wave of symptoms beginning during the third week after infection. These symptoms include a fever and more severe neurological symptoms (headache, confusion, tremors, vison problems). Kayasanur Forest disease is fatal in only 3-5% of cases.

预防措施

有一种疫苗可供使用，并在印度经常发现该病的地区使用。该疫苗对接受2剂疫苗的个人有62.4％的有效率。对于接受额外剂量的个人，有效性增加到82.9％。预防措施应包括：避免与tick虫直接接触，尤其是在干旱季节，避免林木或农村地区，使用含20％或更多DEET的驱虫剂，并穿防护服覆盖裸露的皮肤。

处理

The patient should seek medical care when they suspect that they have been in contact with a tick or animal carrying the virus. The disease is identified by isolating the virus in the blood of the infected individual. There is no specific treatment for Kyasanur Forest disease, however, early contact with medical services, hospitalization and proper care for the patient’s symptoms is recommended.

疫苗接种

• Kyasanur森林病疫苗

它常见于哪里？

Kyasanur 森林疾病是由感染病毒的虱子和动物传播的，因此，只要有受感染的宿主，都可以发现这种疾病。然而，该病通常仅限于印度卡纳塔克邦的西部和中部，最近在印度其他地区有一些病毒报告。