Rift Valley Fever (RVF)

如何获得Rift Valley Fever (RVF)？

The virus is transmitted to humans mainly by direct or indirect contact with infected animal body fluids (e.g., blood or unprocessed milk), meat products or organs of infected animals, (e.g., through the handling of animal tissue during slaughtering or butchering, assisting with animal births, conducting veterinary procedures, or from the disposal of carcasses or fetuses). Occasionally, the virus may also be transmitted by several species of mosquitoes and blood-feeding flies that also bite sheep and other animals that are the hosts for this virus.

易感性和抗性

After having this infection, a person will have life-long immunity. Therefore, in areas where this virus occurs, much of the population may be immune through previous infection.  Unexposed travellers and children may be the most susceptible to this disease.

症状是什么？

The Rift Valley fever virus causes fever, headache, fatigue, muscle and joint aches and occasionally nausea and vomiting.  Most cases are relatively mild. However, severely infected persons may develop inflammation of the retina (the eye form of the disease), inflammation of the brain (the brain form of the disease) or haemorrhages (the haemorrhagic form of the disease).  Inflammation of the liver may be accompanied by haemorrhage that may be fatal.

预防措施

除非他们与牲畜和“如何获得它”中所述的活动有关，否则国际旅行者患这种疾病的风险非常低。在爆发的情况下，应避免这些活动。

处理

There is no specific treatment for this illness other than therapy of symptoms and supportive treatment for severe cases.

它常见于哪里？

裂谷热爆发在撒哈拉以南非洲发生。埃及，马达加斯加，毛里塔尼亚，肯尼亚，索马里，坦桑尼亚，沙特阿拉伯，也门和南非发生了大规模暴发。