什么是Shigellosis (Bacillary Dysentery)？
Shigellosis is an acute bacterial infection that is caused by a group of bacteria known as shigella. There are various kinds of shigella in different parts of the world. They are generally found in contaminated food and cause severe diarrhoea (dysentery). The shigella bacteria are probably responsible for diarrhoeal disease in developing countries where food handling procedures often lead to contamination.
如何获得Shigellosis (Bacillary Dysentery)？
Shigella bacteria are almost always transmitted through consumption of contaminated food. It may also be found in water polluted with human waste. The bacteria can be transmitted frequently from person to person through poor hygiene and then hand to mouth contact.
易感性和抗性
All people, especially children, are susceptible to infection with shigella bacteria.
症状是什么？
The illness begins with fever, nausea, vomiting and abdominal cramps. Loose bowel movements and sometimes watery diarrhoea often include blood and mucous in the stool. Some strains of this bacterium can cause serious illness, such as generalised toxicity, intestinal perforation and kidney damage. Mortality rates can be as high as 20 percent without treatment. The illness usually lasts about 4 to 7 days.
预防措施
必须采取谨慎的个人卫生措施，例如经常洗手，尤其是在与感染者接触后。避免食用受污染的食物和水（尤其是街头小贩）也将减少感染的风险。
处理
Prompt treatment with antibiotics shortens the severity and duration of the illness.
药物
它常见于哪里？
引起志贺菌病的志贺氏菌在世界范围内都有发现。
