Traveller's Diarrhoea
什么是Traveller's Diarrhoea？
When people travel to different parts of the world, they are often exposed to a variety of different germs that they have never been exposed to before. When ingested through contaminated water or food, acute gastro-intestinal illness, usually vomiting and diarrhoea, may occur. This illness is often referred to as “Traveller’s Diarrhoea”. A large number of germs (bacteria, viruses and parasites) may cause this illness.
如何获得Traveller's Diarrhoea？
Traveller’s diarrhoea is caused by germs that are usually acquired through consuming food and water that is contaminated with human and/or animal waste.
The most common sources of the germs that cause traveller’s diarrhoea include: undercooked beef, chicken, pork and raw fish; contaminated ice; contaminated well water; unpasturised milk and milk products; salad bars; raw vegetables and fruits (like strawberries, grapes, and raspberries) that cannot be easily peeled or cleaned; improperly refrigerated custards, mousses, mayonnaise, hollandaise sauce, etc.; non-bottled fruit or vegetable juices.
These products are often available from street vendors where food preparation and water sources are not regulated.
易感性和抗性
Depending on the infecting germ, people who are repeatedly exposed in areas where they reside may develop variable levels of immunity to the local germs. However, travellers to those areas have usually not been exposed previously and are generally susceptible.
症状是什么？
The symptoms depend somewhat on the infecting germ, but in general, the patient develops sudden onset of diarrhoea, sometimes with fever, fatigue, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. The illness is usually short lived, mild and frequently subsides in 2-5 days without medical treatment. However, depending on the germ, this illness may become severe, with possible dehydration and with repeated episodes over a long period of time.
预防措施
避免食用不安全的食物和水。应避免的最常见食物包括未煮熟的牛肉，鸡肉，猪肉和生鱼。受污染的冰受污染的井水；未经压榨的牛奶和奶制品；色拉条未加工的蔬菜和水果，例如草莓，葡萄和树莓，不易去皮或清洗；蛋c，慕斯，蛋黄酱，蛋黄酱酱等冷藏不当；非瓶装果汁或蔬菜汁。不要食用街头小贩的食物或饮料。旅行者应尝试仅喝瓶装或开水，或罐装或瓶装碳酸饮料。避免使用自来水，喷泉饮料和冰块。水可以通过煮沸或通过添加水净化片剂或滴剂来净化。所有食物都应完全煮熟。
处理
Treatment depends to some degree on the causative germ. In general, maintaining adequate intake of fluids and treatment of symptoms with over-the-counter medications are sufficient. If the condition persists, identification of the causative germ may be required in order to prescribe a definitive treatment, such as an antibiotic. Travellers should seek immediate medical attention if symptoms continue in spite of initial treatment or if severe or bloody diarrhoea develops.
药物
它常见于哪里？
由于旅行者的腹泻可能是由多种细菌引起的，因此它可以在世界任何地方发生。
