COVID -19 (SARS-COV-2)
什么是COVID -19 (SARS-COV-2)？
A new and novel virus called SARS-CoV-2 that can cause a severe respiratory illness (called COVID-19) emerged in the city of Wuhan, China at the end of December 2019 and subsequently spread quickly around the world to create a global pandemic This virus is a member of the coronavirus family that includes the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome virus (SARS) and the Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) virus as well as others that can cause the common cold. The new virus causes an illness that affects multiple organs, including the lungs, heart, brain, blood vessels, kidneys and others. In a matter of months, this virus caused a major epidemic of respiratory illness in the city of Wuhan and the province of Hubei with spread to all the other provinces of China. Almost simultaneously, international travellers carried this virus to many other countries creating minor and major epidemics around the world.
The situation is still fluid and evolving at this time (September 2020) with some countries achieving control of transmission (e.g., New Zealand) while others are experiencing sudden surges in cases after the relaxation of public health measures.
如何获得COVID -19 (SARS-COV-2)？
The coronavirus that causes COVID-19 is spread by respiratory droplets and aerosols that are generated when an infected person laughs, shouts, coughs or sneezes. These microscopic droplets that contain the virus are then inhaled into the respiratory tract of the close contact. The virus can also be transferred by hands touching the eyes, nose and mouth when contaminated with secretions from an ill person.
Depending on the type of surface, temperature, and humidity the virus may persist of various surfaces for days. However, it is not clear how infectious virus particles on surfaces may be.
易感性和抗性
All persons are susceptible.
症状是什么？
A majority of the infected people develop mild symptoms of respiratory illness, e.g., slight fever and cough. Some infected persons have no symptoms. About 15 per cent of the infected people develop serious illness, with a high fever, dry cough and shortness of breath (indicative of pneumonia). A smaller number, around 5 per cent, require critical care and approximately 1 per cent will die, although the actual mortality rate remains to be defined.
预防措施
迄今为止没有疫苗。最好的预防措施包括以下呼吸预防措施，特别是：1）避免与患有急性呼吸道感染的人密切接触； 2）经常洗手，特别是在与病人或其环境直接接触后；使用肥皂和水至少20秒钟，或者如果没有肥皂和水，请使用基于酒精的洗手液； 3）出现急性呼吸道感染症状的旅客应练习咳嗽礼仪（保持距离，用一次性纸巾或衣物遮盖咳嗽和打喷嚏，并洗手）。 4）避免前往该病毒活跃传播的地区； 5）如果在到有传播途径的受影响区域后出现症状，请立即就医。
通常，几乎所有国家/地区的公共卫生部门都要求与他人保持2米（约6英尺）的距离，并且在公共场所均要戴上脸罩（口罩）。许多国家限制聚会的规模，以减少人与人之间的联系。
处理
There is no specific treatment for COVID-19. Critically ill patients are provided with supportive treatment to facilitate their breathing until recovery.
它常见于哪里？
迄今为止（2020年9月），该病毒已从中国传播到几乎世界每个国家。
在许多国家，这种疾病的暴发已得到充分证实。在所有放松公共卫生措施的主要国家中，感染人数的新高潮正在开始。
