Chikungunya Fever
什么是Chikungunya Fever？
Chikungunya fever is a viral disease that is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito.
The risk for travellers of acquiring chikungunya is greatest if they are visiting an area with an ongoing epidemic of the disease. Epidemics usually occur during the tropical rainy season and abate during the dry season.
如何获得Chikungunya Fever？
Chikungunya fever is transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito, the Aedes aegypti or Aedes albopictus mosquitoes in particular. These mosquitoes are aggressive daytime biters specifically attracted to humans. Chikungunya fever cannot be directly transmitted person to person.
易感性和抗性
Everyone is susceptible to chikungunya fever, but having the disease once is thought to result in life-long immunity to the virus.
症状是什么？
Chikungunya fever is a serious illness, most often characterized by fever, headache, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, muscle pain, rash, and joint pain. Acute chikungunya fever generally lasts for a few days to a few weeks, however, some patients can have prolonged fatigue that may last for several weeks. Severe joint pain or arthritis, lasting for weeks or months, can also occur. Infections without presentation of any symptoms at all have also occurred.
Chikungunya fever is usually not fatal, although a few fatalities due to this virus have occurred. Complications are rare but serious and can include inflammation in the heart, ocular disease, hepatitis, and neurological symptoms, such as meningoencephalitis (inflammation of the brain and surrounding layers).
Recent findings show that after contracting the virus, the chance of developing encephalitis (brain inflammation) increases by alarming rates. Even if encephalitis was more likely to affect senior citizens and infants, an alarming number of cases have been shown to affect adults, with 8.6 people out of 100,000 developing the condition. The rate by which encephalitis occurs in infants is 187 per 100,000 cases, while for elderly citizens over 65, it was 37 per 100,000 cases.
预防措施
没有疫苗或预防性药物可预防基孔肯雅热。预防该疾病的最佳方法是采取措施避免被蚊子叮咬，例如使用含DEET的驱虫剂，穿长袖，穿裤子和袜子，留在经过筛选或装有空调的住宿环境中，并在经过杀虫剂处理的蚊帐下睡觉阻止蚊子。
处理
There is no specific antiviral treatment currently available for chikungunya fever. Care for chikungunya fever patients involves supportive measures, such as rest, fluids, and medicines to relieve the symptoms of fever and aching. Infected persons should be protected from further mosquito exposure during the first few days of the illness to prevent any contribution to the transmission cycle by infecting more mosquitoes that can go on to transmit the disease to other people.
疫苗接种
它常见于哪里？
这种疾病发生在许多热带国家，包括撒哈拉以南非洲国家、巴基斯坦、印度、东南亚、马拉西亚以及印度尼西亚和菲律宾群岛。最近（2013年12月），在加勒比海的圣马丁西半球首次发现感染。它很可能蔓延到其他地区的正确的蚊子可能会感染和传播疾病。
