Mumps
什么是Mumps？
Mumps is the disease caused by the mumps virus, a member of the family Paramyxoviridae, of the genus Rubulavirus. It is a vaccine-preventable disease that only occurs in humans.
Vaccination against mumps prevents the disease. Most people from industrialised countries have likely been immunised for mumps virus already since the mumps vaccination is commonly part of a routine vaccination schedule. By the end of 2009, the mumps vaccination was included in the national immunisation schedules of approximately 114 of 193 World Health Organization member states. The cases of mumps have declined considerably wherever there is an immunisation program against the disease.
如何获得Mumps？
Mumps is a contagious disease that is transmitted person to person by direct contact with an infected person’s saliva or by breathing in airborne respiratory secretions that are coughed or sneezed into the air by an infected person.
易感性和抗性
Everyone is susceptible to mumps unless they have received vaccination or have had mumps in the past.
症状是什么？
General symptoms include fever, headache, fatigue, muscle soreness, swelling and tenderness of salivary glands under the chin, and respiratory symptoms. Complications of the mumps disease can include: orchitis, oophoritis, or mastitis (inflammation of the testes, ovaries, or breasts, respectively), pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas), meningitis or encephalitis (inflammation of the membranes that cover the brain or of the brain itself, respectively), and deafness.
预防措施
有疫苗可以预防腮腺炎，而接种疫苗是预防这种感染的最佳方法。
处理
There is no specific treatment for mumps except for symptomatic care, such as applying ice or heat to swollen areas.
疫苗接种
它常见于哪里？
尽管流行性腮腺炎可能在世界任何地方发生，但更可能在没有针对流行性腮腺炎的免疫计划的国家中发生。这些国家包括：非洲所有地区（利比亚和埃及除外），阿富汗，巴基斯坦，印度，东南亚大部分地区（泰国除外），日本，韩国和加勒比地区的一些国家。
