什么是Bolivian Haemorrhagic Fever (Machupo Virus Fever)？
Bolivian haemorrhagic fever (BHF) is a haemorrhagic fever caused by a virus called the Machupo virus. It was first identified in 1959 during an outbreak in the Beni Department in Bolivia. It is a highly dangerous virus with a mortality rate of 5-30 percent.
如何获得Bolivian Haemorrhagic Fever (Machupo Virus Fever)？
BHF is transmitted to people when they touch rodent droppings or urine contaminated by this virus, or when they touch or eat food that has been in contact with infected rodent feces. It can also be acquired by inhaling sprayed animal urine that is infected. The vesper mouse carries the virus. Evidence of person-to-person transmission of BHF exists but is believed to be rare.
易感性和抗性
All persons are susceptible. People who survive this disease are immune for a prolonged period.
症状是什么？
The infection begins slowly with weakness, fever, vomiting, headache and muscular pains. The illness then proceeds to a second phase with the appearance of a rash (blood spots) on the upper body and bleeding from the nose and gums. Vomiting blood and bloody urine may occur. This is the haemorrhagic phase that starts about 7 days after the first symptoms.
预防措施
由于没有针对这种疾病的疫苗，因此预防包括避免经常在维斯珀小鼠和人之间接触，方法是保持家园周围没有植被的区域。被感染的老鼠犹豫要越过开放区域。房屋应保持清洁，所有食物应安全存放。
处理
The anti-viral drug, ribavirin, is often used to treat this infection although cures are rare.
药物
它常见于哪里？
玻利维亚出血热（BHF）病毒仅在玻利维亚发生。
