Anaplasmosis

如何获得Anaplasmosis？

Anaplasmosis is transmitted to humans through the bite of ticks infected with the bacteria Anaplasma phagocytophilium. The black-legged tick and the western black-legged tick are the most common carriers of the bacteria and can also carry the bacteria for Lyme disease and Babesioisis. Most infections are caused by ticks in the nymphal (early) life-stage.

Since the bacteria circulates in the blood, transmission can also occur through blood transfusions, organ transplants, as well as perinatally to an infant prior to birth.

易感性和抗性

All persons are susceptible, however, more severe cases have been reported in those with a compromised immune system.

症状是什么？

The tick bite is painless and the infected individual may not know that they have been bitten. The symptoms of Anaplasmosis include: fever, headache, muscle aches/pains, tiredness, chills, nausea/abdominal pain, cough and confusion. Most infected individuals do not develop all the symptoms. In many infected individuals, the symptoms are very mild and may be unnoticed. The development of a rash may occur, however, a rash is a rare symptom of Anaplasmosis and may indicate, instead, that the patient has been co-infected with Lyme disease or another disease carried by a tick. The symptoms of Anaplasmosis may be similar to the symptoms of Ehrlichiosis and Rocky Mountain spotted fever.

In severe cases, infected individuals may have difficulty breathing, hemorrhages and renal and/or neurological difficulties. Anaplasmosis may be fatal if proper treatment is not received (fatal in less than 1% of cases).

预防措施

避免直接与tick接触，尤其是在warm最活跃的炎热夏季。避开高草丛生的树木繁茂的地区。使用含有20％或更多DEET的驱虫剂。穿着防护服遮盖裸露的皮肤。在室外暴露后，请尽快沐浴并仔细检查整个身体表面的皮肤。立即去除任何壁虱，因为壁虱附着的时间越长，细菌从壁虱传播的风险就越大。

处理

The patient should seek medical care when they suspect that they have been in contact with a tick or symptoms appear that might be due to Anaplasmosis. Early treatment improves recovery time. Less severe cases will recover well with medication; more severe cases may require intravenous antibiotics and hospital care.

Doxycycline is the recommended antibiotic for the treatment of Anaplasmosis and should be the first treatment for patients of any age. Once the patient’s fever subsides and symptoms are eliminated, the treatment should continue for a minimum of 3 days. Generally, the treatment lasts 1-2 weeks, though mild symptoms may persist for weeks after the treatment has terminated.

药物

• 抗生素类

它常见于哪里？

厌食症通过携带嗜无食性厌食菌的壁虱传播，因此，无论感染壁虱的何处都能发现这种疾病。全世界都发现了无浆细胞吞噬细胞，但并非所有国家都要求将无浆细胞感染报告给卫生部门。因此，尚不清楚人类感染的全球分布。在美国，无浆虫病是可报告的疾病，纽约，康涅狄格州，新泽西州，罗纳岛，明尼苏达州，威斯康星州和加利福尼亚州报告了绝大多数的年度病例。尽管无浆虫病可以在一年中的任何时候发生，但在美国最常见的报道是夏季，因为这与the虫的若虫期相吻合。