Rabbit Fever (Tularemia)
什么是Rabbit Fever (Tularemia)？
Tularemia, also known as rabbit fever, is an infectious disease caused a bacterium called Francisella tularensis. It is often a disease in hunters, especially people who hunt rabbits or other wildlife that may harbour the bacteria. Outbreaks of the disease may occur.
如何获得Rabbit Fever (Tularemia)？
The bacterium is typically spread by ticks, deer flies, contact with infected animals, by drinking contaminated water or breathing in contaminated dust. It is not spread directly between people. The bacteria can penetrate into the body through damaged skin, mucous membranes, and inhalation. Humans are most often infected by tick/deer fly bites.
易感性和抗性
Susceptibility is universal. Hunters, game wardens, trappers, and campers are particularly susceptible. Animals that are known to have transmitted tularemia include rabbits (most common), foxes, squirrels, skunks, muskrats, beavers, voles, and even fish.
症状是什么？
Symptoms depend on the site of infection. There are 6 characteristic clinical versions of this disease. Ulceroglandular (swollen lymph nodes with overlying skin ulcers) is the most common type representing 75% of all forms. Other types include glandular (swollen lymph nodes), oropharyngeal (mouth and larynx), pneumonic, oculoglandular (eye inflammation with swollen lymph nodes), and typhoidal (gastrointestinal). Typical symptoms include abrupt onset of fever, headache, chills and rigours, myalgia (muscle aches especially the low back), coryza (red eyes), and sore throat. Symptoms may also include skin ulcers and enlarged lymph nodes.
预防措施
没有针对Tularemia的安全，可用和批准的疫苗。预防措施包括使用驱虫剂，穿长裤，快速去除虱子和不打扰死动物。猎人给可能被感染的动物剥皮时，应使用口罩。
处理
Treatment includes antibiotics such as streptomycin or gentamicin. Doxycycline has also been used.
药物
它常见于哪里？
Tularemia在北半球无处不在，包括美国，欧洲，俄罗斯和前苏联共和国，日本和西班牙。
