Norovirus (Stomach flu)
什么是Norovirus (Stomach flu)？
Norovirus and Norwalk virus belong to a group of very similar viruses called Norwalk agents, Norwalk-like agents, Noroviruses, etc. that cause an acute diarrhoeal illness. Gastro-intestinal illness with nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea may be caused by many viruses. The Norwalk-like agents, Norovirus, etc. are one group of viruses that can cause this illness.
如何获得Norovirus (Stomach flu)？
These viruses are transmitted from person to person through direct contact with a sick person and poor personal hygiene. These viruses may persist in the environment (e.g., on door knobs, stair railings, etc.) where they come in contact with hands and are then transferred to the mouth.
Human-to-human transmission through personal contact is common. People are infectious during the acute phase of the illness and perhaps up to 48 hours after the diarrhoea stops.
In hospital settings, these viruses are sometimes transmitted by inhaling respiratory droplets coughed into the air by patients.
易感性和抗性
Most people are susceptible since immunity after the illness is usually short-lived (up to 14 weeks).
症状是什么？
Infection with this group of viruses is usually a mild to moderate self-limiting illness characterized by the rapid onset of nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. Abdominal pain, muscle aches, headache and fatigue may also be present with a slight fever. The symptoms usually last 24-48 hours.
预防措施
良好的个人卫生和洗手是最好的预防措施。如果与呕吐和腹泻的任何人接触，建议立即洗手。
处理
There is no specific treatment other than symptom relief and maintenance of adequate intake of fluids. Antibiotics are not effective for treating infections caused by viruses like Norwalk.
它常见于哪里？
诺如病毒可在世界任何地方出现，无论是发达国家还是发展中国家。
