Oropouche Fever
什么是Oropouche Fever？
Oropouche Fever is an infectious disease caused by the Oropouche virus. The virus is common in Central and South America and causes large and explosive disease outbreaks. The virus was first isolated in 1955 and since that time there have been more than 30 major outbreaks, with more than half a million reported cases. The disease has similar symptoms to other common viruses (Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya) so the precise number of infected people is difficult to determine. The virus is named after the Oropouche River in Trinidad and Tobago where it was first discovered.
如何获得Oropouche Fever？
The virus is transmitted through mosquito, tick and midge bites. When these insects become infected with the virus, the virus can be transmitted to animals (sloths, marsupials, primates, birds) and humans through the insect bite. Transmission to humans is primarily by the bite of the midge. The bite of the midge carrying Oropouche virus feels like a sharp prick and an irritation or lump may appear and last for a few hours or days.
No human to human transmission of this virus has been reported.
易感性和抗性
Oropouche Fever occurs most commonly during the rainy season when breeding sites for the insect hosts (stagnant water, marshes, decomposing vegetation etc.) are most widespread. The insect typically bites at dawn and dusk.
Deforestation and climate change may increase the spread of the virus by providing more reservoirs in which the insect host can breed, increasing the incidence of Oropouche Fever.
症状是什么？
Symptoms of Oropouche Fever include the rapid onset of a high fever, headaches, muscle and joint pain, vomiting, dizziness, diarrhea, chills, sensitivity to light and weight loss. Although less common, a rash (similar in appearance to rubella), eye irritation and pain in the upper abdomen can occur. Meningitis-like symptoms may also occur.
预防措施
主要的预防措施是避免接触被感染的蚊虫，尤其是在雨季。避开昆虫繁殖场（沼泽，死水，沼泽，腐烂的植被等）。如有可能，移开繁殖场所（充满水的栖息地），使用含20％或更多DEET的驱虫剂，穿防护服覆盖裸露的皮肤，使用筛网和蚊帐，并使用杀虫剂杀死中等种群。没有可用的疫苗。
处理
The patient should seek medical attention when he/she suspects that he/she has been in contact with an insect carrying the virus. The disease is identified by isolating antibodies to the virus in the blood of the infected individual. There is no specific treatment for Oropouche Fever, however, early contact with medical services and proper care for the patient’s symptoms (specifically pain management) are recommended. Most infected individuals recover after a few days.
它常见于哪里？
Oropouche热是作为病毒宿主和媒介的动物和昆虫传播的，因此，无论在何处感染宿主，都可以发现这种疾病。该病的暴发仅限于中美洲和南美洲，据报道在巴西，厄瓜多尔，巴拿马，委内瑞拉，秘鲁以及特立尼达和多巴哥暴发。该病在农村和城市环境中都有报道，在亚马逊热带雨林的许多地区都很流行。
