Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF)

如何获得Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF)？

CCHF is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected ticks. It may be transmitted person to person through exposure to contaminated blood and patient secretions, primarily in hospital settings. Butchering of infected animals may also lead to human infection.

易感性和抗性

Everyone is susceptible to CCHF, but life-long immunity usually results after recovery from an infection.

症状是什么？

CCHF begins with the sudden appearance of fever, weakness, fatigue, irritability, headache and loss of appetite, along with severe pain in the arms and legs. There may be vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal pain. A tiny haemorrhagic rash begins in the mouth, chest and abdomen and spreads to the rest of the body. Bleeding may occur from the gums, nose, lungs, intestines, uterus, and in the urine. Heavy bleeding occurs only in the most severe cases associated with liver damage. The fever continues for 5 to 12 days and recovery is prolonged. Between 2 to 50 percent of people with CCHF die depending on the severity of the illness.

预防措施

通过尽快去除任何壁虱，并密切注意耳朵内和周围，膝盖后方，腹股沟区域以及头发下方的腋窝，避免出现壁虱。在壁虱栖息地（如树林，森林，灌木丛等）之后，检查皮肤。避免处理和准备感染家畜的新鲜尸体。

处理

There is no specific treatment for CCHF. There is a vaccine used in Eastern Europe and Russia but it is not available in North America. The use of an anti-viral medicine called ribavirin, as well as the administration of antibodies from a recovering patient, may be useful.

它常见于哪里？

该病在东欧，特别是前苏联（哈萨克斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦、俄罗斯南部）、整个地中海、中国西北部、中亚、南欧、热带和南部非洲、中东（）包括阿拉伯半岛）和印度次大陆。CCHF 发生在阿尔巴尼亚、波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那、保加利亚、伊拉克和巴基斯坦。