Salmonellosis (Salmonella)

如何获得Salmonellosis (Salmonella)？

You can get salmonella by consuming improperly prepared, contaminated food. Because salmonella bacteria are ubiquitous, they can be found in many contaminated foods and food products.  Unpasteurized milk and all kinds of milk products made with unpasteurized milk may be contaminated with salmonella.  Other common sources include raw or poorly cooked eggs or egg products and raw or poorly cooked meat and meat products, especially poultry and poultry products.

In spite of treatment, an infected person can spread the bacteria for several days to weeks without any symptoms.  Other infected people may develop a so-called “carrier state” in which they can spread the bacteria for many months.  A very small number of people may excrete the bacteria for more than a year.

易感性和抗性

Everyone is susceptible to salmonella poisoning.

症状是什么？

Salmonella begins with a headache, pain in the abdomen, diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting.  Fever is almost always present.  Dehydration may occur rapidly, especially in the young and elderly.  The illness continues for several days and may vary from relatively mild to severe symptoms.  Occasionally, the bacteria gain access to the blood stream and cause a serious illness.  Deaths are relatively rare, except in the very young and elderly. 

预防措施

预防这种感染包括避免污染的水和煮熟的肉类，禽类，蛋类等的不当。还建议您仔细洗手并保持卫生。

处理

There is no vaccine against salmonella.  For intestinal infections, supportive treatment to maintain adequate hydration (good fluid intake) is generally all that is required.  For salmonella that spreads beyond the intestines, e.g., into the blood stream, antibiotic treatment is required.  Resistance to commonly used antibiotics is variable around the world.

药物

• 抗生素类

它常见于哪里？

这种细菌在全球有 2，000 多种已知类型的沙门氏菌，因国家/地区和地区而异。