Zimbabwe
关于Zimbabwe
| 货币 | Zimbabwe dollar suspended (see Facts below) (ZWD) |
| 语言 | English |
| 资本 | Harare |
The Republic of Zimbabwe (formerly known as the Republic of Rhodesia) is located in the southern part of Africa, between South Africa and Zambia. The population is approximately 12 million people. Although the official language is English, Shona (a Bantu language) and Ndebele (also a Bantu language) are also recognized.
Due to severe inflation, the Zimbabwe dollar was suspended and a new currency has not yet been introduced. The government presently uses the South African Rand, the US dollar, and the British pound.
The government of Zimbabwe is a parliamentary democracy with a president as chief of state elected by popular vote and a prime minister as head of government.
Recently, a power-sharing struggle developed between the current president and the prime minister after disputed elections. This situation led to civil unrest and the collapse of the country’s economy with widespread poverty and unemployment. There have been reports of repression and human rights violations. Even though the economy is slowly improving, millions are still dependent on food aid, and disease outbreaks are common.
Zimbabwe’s tourism sector has declined since 1999 due to the country’s political and economic difficulties, and security for travellers remains uncertain. Nevertheless, Zimbabwe is rich in culture with sites such as the ruins of Great Zimbabwe, wildlife preserves, and the famous Victoria Falls on the border with Zambia.
推荐接种Zimbabwe的疫苗
对于大多数旅行者来说
乙肝疫苗
该国家存在感染乙型肝炎的巨大风险，因此，建议进行疫苗接种。
甲型肝炎疫苗
该国家存在接触甲型肝炎的巨大风险，因此，建议进行疫苗接种。
对于一些旅行者
霍乱疫苗
英国NaTHNaC向那些活动或病史使他们处于高风险，前往霍乱传播活跃地区的旅行者推荐口服霍乱疫苗。这些风险因素包括：援助人员；那些在霍乱疫情爆发地区喝水和医疗服务有限的人；对其进行疫苗接种可能被认为可能有益的旅行者，例如慢性病。
狂犬病疫苗
建议参加可能与狂犬病的狗，蝙蝠和其他哺乳动物直接接触的户外活动的旅行者（例如，露营者，远足者，冒险旅行者和洞穴探险者）接种狂犬病疫苗。那些有职业风险的人（例如兽医，野生动植物专业人士，研究人员）以及长期旅行者和外派人员面临的风险更高，应接种疫苗。
卡介苗芽孢杆菌（BCG）疫苗
BCG vaccine is recommended for those at increased risk from coming in close contact with infected persons or for unvaccinated, children under 16 years of age, who are going to live in the country for more than 3 months.
麻疹，腮腺炎，风疹（MMR）疫苗
A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for infants aged 6 to 11 months.
黄热病疫苗
不建议到该国家旅行时接种黄热病疫苗。但是，这个国家/地区要求从有黄热病传播危险的国家/地区出发的9个月及以上的旅行者以及经过有黄热病传播危险国家的机场中转超过12小时的旅行者，需要黄热病疫苗接种证书。
伤寒疫苗
在该国，由于食用不安全的食物和水，有遭受伤寒的危险。由于在这个国家内暴露于不安全来源的情况各不相同，因此通常建议接种伤寒疫苗，尤其是在访问可能污染食品和水源的较小城市或农村地区时。
推荐药物治疗Zimbabwe。
对于一些旅行者
抗疟药
推荐的抗疟疾药物包括阿托伐醌-鸟嘌呤，强力霉素或甲氟喹。存在对氯喹的抗疟疾药物耐药性。
需要注意的疾病为Zimbabwe。
对于大多数旅行者来说
Hepatitis A
津巴布韦有被食物或水污染的甲型肝炎病毒暴露的巨大风险。
Hepatitis B
在这个国家，存在乙型肝炎的重大风险。
Chikungunya Fever
该国发生基孔肯雅热。
Dengue Fever
这个国家有登革热的危险。
Cholera
持续存在霍乱的风险。津巴布韦经历了重大疫情，影响了首都，哈拉雷和全国其他地区。
对于一些旅行者
Rift Valley Fever (RVF)
Sporadic outbreaks of Rift Valley Fever (RVF) may occur in this country.
Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever
There is a risk of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic fever in this country.
African Tick Bite Fever
This disease may occur in this country. Ticks that cause this disease are usually most active from November through April. Travellers engaging in outdoor activities such as camping, hiking, and game hunting in wooded, brushy, or grassy areas may be at a higher risk.
Marburg Haemorrhagic Fever
Marburg hemorrhagic fever is caused by touching infected animals or their body fluids ; touching body fluids (blood or sweat) from an infected person or objects contaminated with the body fluids of a person infected with Ebola or Marburg virus.
West Nile Fever
There is a risk of acquiring West Nile virus in this country.
Hanta Virus
There is a risk of acquiring Hantavirus in this country through the consumption of food and water contaminated by an infected rodent or through rodent bites.
Measles
There is a risk of acquiring Measles in this country.
Sleeping Sickness (Type 2)
非洲锥虫病（“昏睡病”）发生在津巴布韦农村地区。前往市区的旅行者没有危险。
Schistosomiasis
在津巴布韦发现了血吸虫病。氯化程度高的游泳池和海洋中与盐水的接触不会使旅行者面临血吸虫病的危险。
Malaria
赞比西河谷自11月至6月，包括1200米以下的地区和全年都存在疟疾风险。在布拉瓦约和哈拉雷，风险可忽略不计。
Yellow Fever
在这个国家，旅行者没有黄热病的危险。但是，对于来自有黄热病传播危险国家的9个月或9岁以上的旅客以及经过有黄热病传播危险国家的机场中转超过12个小时的旅行者，该国家/地区需要提供黄热病疫苗接种证书。
Rabies
狂犬病发生在这个国家。参与户外活动的旅行者（例如露营者，远足者，冒险旅行者和洞穴探险者）可能与狂犬病的狗，蝙蝠和其他哺乳动物直接接触。那些有职业风险的人（例如兽医，野生动植物专业人士，研究人员）以及长期旅行者和外派人员面临的风险更高。
Typhoid Fever
在津巴布韦，未接种疫苗的人会受到污染的食物和水的感染，尤其是在访问可能污染食物和水源的较小的城市，村庄或农村地区时。
Tuberculosis
前往津巴布韦的旅行者如果拜访患病的朋友或家人，在医疗保健领域工作或与普通人群密切接触，则有极大的结核病风险，包括耐多药结核病。
安全保卫工作在Zimbabwe
个人安全
There is a moderate level of crime in Zimbabwe. Muggings, theft, pickpocketing, and other street crimes are very common. With respect to your personal safety, be cautious, and always be aware of your surroundings, especially at night. Ensure all personal belongings are safe and out of sight at all times.
Exercise caution in areas around hotels, restaurants, shopping areas, and tourist areas such as Victoria Falls. Downtown Harare, particularly the high-density residential suburbs, are high-crime areas.
The safety and security situation is unstable, and tourists should travel with reputable organizations or groups. Robberies have occurred at national parks.
Never make any derogatory or insulting comments about the president, a member of his government, or the Zimbabwean government itself, as such statements are a criminal offense.
Avoid travelling alone or after dark. When driving, keep the doors locked and windows closed. Criminals sometimes target stopped cars. Be aware of your surroundings when driving. Try to avoid being caught at a traffic light. Be particularly vigilant along the road to Harare Airport and on the Masvingo-Beitbridge Road.
Driving outside of cities after dark can be hazardous due to problems such as vehicles without lights, lack of adequate marking of roads, or animals that stray onto the road. Anyone driving longer distances should carry supplies and extra fuel.
If possible, avoid public transportation including trains and inter-city buses due to poor maintenance. Commuter buses or “combis” are badly maintained and often overcrowded, and drivers may not follow the rules of the road.
Cooperate with the authorities and carry a photo of your passport and travel documents at all times. Both travellers and residents can be randomly detained.
Due to the conservative nature of the country, public displays of affection may be considered offensive, regardless of gender or sexual orientation. Same-sex relations are illegal in Zimbabwe. Penalties include fines and imprisonment. Same-sex marriage is prohibited by the 2013 constitution.
Travellers visiting game reserves or safari lodges should ensure the operators are fully licensed and trained. Safety standards may vary, and safety inspections are not generally done.
Motorcades for the president or other senior officials move fast and aggressively. It is an offense to not pull off the road. Security forces have been known to assault those who do not pull over quickly enough.
There are shortages of food, water, medicine, and fuel. Basic services, such as electricity, are unreliable. Taking photos of the State House, government offices, airports, military establishments, official residences, and embassies is illegal. The roads around State House in Harare will be closed at night. Zimbabwe experiences a cyclone season from November to April. Monitor weather alerts closely and follow the advice of local authorities. Be aware that travel plans may be disrupted or canceled in the event of extreme weather.
政治动荡
Civil unrest can be unpredictable in Zimbabwe. Minimize safety risks by avoiding any areas of civil unrest. Taking photos of demonstrations, protests, police officers or military personnel is illegal.
应避免的区域
Avoid travel in low-income districts in cities like Harare and Bulawayo at any time. Avoid travelling to areas bordering Mozambique as there is a high risk of crime and theft. Avoid travel to the Marange diamond mining fields in Chiadzwa, Mutare. Avoid travel near the State House in Harare due to increased security presence and road blocks at night. Exercise caution in Victoria Falls and Honde Valley waterfalls, including Mterazi Falls and Pungwe Falls; at popular safari camps in the Hwange and Mana Pools national parks.
