China
关于China
| 货币 | Renminbi. Basic unit of currency is the Yuan. (RMB) |
| 语言 | See Facts below |
| 资本 | Beijing |
The People’s Republic of China is located in eastern Asia between North Korea and Vietnam. China has the largest population in the world with about 1.3 billion people. It is the region of one of the world’s earliest civilizations.
There are seven main Chinese dialects and Mandarin is the dialect spoken by about 70 percent of the people. Other dialects spoken in China are Cantonese, Wu, Min, Xiang, Gan, and Hakka. Many other languages are spoken by ethnic minorities.
For more than 4,000 years, China’s political system was based on hereditary monarchies known as dynasties. The last dynasty, the Qing, ended in 1911 with the founding of the Republic of China. In 1949, the communist party won a protracted civil war and established the People’s Republic of China on mainland China. The defeated side (the Kuomintang) retreated to Taiwan.
The government is centralized in the Chinese Communist Party under a single-party system. There is a president as head of state and a premier as head of government with a National People’s Congress and a State Council. The highest level of power is the National People’s Congress.
China is undergoing major economic and social change. The introduction of a market-based economy has led to reforms that have created the world’s fastest-growing major economy, the world’s largest exporter, and the second-largest importer of goods. As a result, China has become a major superpower with the world’s largest standing army and the second-largest defense budget.
Visitors to China can see the Forbidden City, Summer Palace, the Great Wall, Tiananmen Square, temples, markets, and museums, to name just a few.
推荐接种China的疫苗
对于大多数旅行者来说
甲型肝炎疫苗
There is a significant risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended. Infants 6 to 11 months old should also be vaccinated against the disease.
乙肝疫苗
Due to a significant risk of exposure to hepatitis B, vaccination is recommended.
对于一些旅行者
卡介苗芽孢杆菌（BCG）疫苗
Vaccination is recommended for all unvaccinated adults, children under 16 years of age, staying for more than 3 months in the country. A tuberculin skin test is required prior to administering vaccination for all children from 6 years of age.
ick虫脑炎疫苗
Vaccination is recommended for all travelers to high risk areas. There is also a high risk of exposure to those engaging in forestry, woodcutting, farming and the military, such as campers, hikers, hunters and individuals who undertake fieldwork.
黄热病疫苗
This country requires a yellow fever vaccination certificate for all persons 9 months of age or older if travelling from a country with a risk of yellow fever transmission, including transit in an airport located in a country with risk of yellow fever transmission. This requirement does not apply to travellers whose itineraries are limited to Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) and Macao SAR.
狂犬病疫苗
Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.
伤寒疫苗
Unvaccinated travellers are at risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities, rural areas, or staying with friends and family.
日本脑炎疫苗
This vaccination is recommended for people who plan extensive outdoor activities while visiting rural or farming areas during the months of May to October. It is not recommended for itineraries that are limited to Beijing or other major cities.
推荐药物治疗China。
目前还没有关于China的建议。
需要注意的疾病为China。
对于大多数旅行者来说
Chikungunya Fever
该国曾发生基孔肯雅热。
Hepatitis B
在中国感染乙肝的风险很大。
Hepatitis A
在中国，通过受污染的食物或水接触甲型肝炎病毒的风险很大。旅游目的地和度假村仍可能发生感染。
Dengue Fever
中国爆发登革热疫情，尤其是东南部较热带地区。
对于一些旅行者
Scrub Typhus
恙虫病，又名Tstsugamushi热，已在中国部分地区发生。
Tick-Borne Encephalitis
蜱传脑炎发生在中国北方森林地区的夏初和夏末。
Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever
中国西部爆发克里米亚-刚果出血热疫情。
Typhoid Fever
在中国，未接种疫苗的人可能会通过受污染的食物和水被感染，尤其是在访问较小的城市、村庄或农村地区以及与朋友或亲戚住在一起时。
Tuberculosis
结核病发生在中国。如果探访生病的朋友或家人、在医疗保健领域工作或与一般人群长期密切接触，那么前往该国的旅行者有患结核病的风险。
Leishmaniasis
利什曼病最常见于中国农村地区。在农村地区和夜间户外活动的旅行者感染利什曼病的风险会增加，因为此时沙蝇通常会觅食。
Schistosomiasis
中国曾发生血吸虫病。血吸虫病是一种寄生虫病，通过接触淡水而获得，例如游泳、沐浴或漂流。氯化良好的游泳池和接触海洋中的盐水不会使旅行者面临感染血吸虫病的风险。
Japanese encephalitis
日本脑炎通常发生在中国农村地区。除西藏（西藏）、新疆和青海外，其他省份均有爆发。旅行者感染日本脑炎的风险很低，但前往病毒活跃的地区和农村地区的大量户外活动会增加这种风险。
Yellow Fever
没有黄热病传播的风险。但是，如果从存在黄热病传播风险的国家/地区出发，包括在位于存在黄热病传播风险的国家/地区的机场中转，则该国家/地区要求所有 9 个月或以上的人提供黄热病疫苗接种证书。此要求不适用于行程仅限于香港特别行政区 (SAR) 和澳门特别行政区的旅客。
Rabies
狂犬病发生在中国。参与户外活动的旅行者（例如露营者、徒步旅行者、骑自行车者、冒险旅行者和洞穴探险者）可能会直接接触狂犬病狗、蝙蝠和其他哺乳动物。那些有职业风险的人（如兽医、野生动物专业人士、研究人员）以及长期旅行者和外籍人士面临更高的风险。
安全保卫工作在China
个人安全
Travellers in China are reminded that laws are strictly enforced, and offenders may be fined, detained, arrested, or deported. Petty crime, such as pickpocketing, purse snatching and theft of mobile phones and other electronic devices occurs, even during the day. Criminals target foreigners, especially in major cities and tourist areas. Drink spiking is also common, do not leave drinks unattended and avoid accepting drinks from strangers. Do not hike alone in isolated areas, including on the Great Wall.
Violent crime is rare in China, however, petty crime, such as pickpocketing and theft, is prevalent and foreigners are the major target. Carry your passport with you at all times as travellers may be asked to produce ID. Ensure, however, that your passport is kept in a secure location.
There has been an increase in cases of extortion by taxi drivers. Also, foreigners have been approached by strangers and invited to a nearby establishment for a drink, only to be presented with a large bill and forced to pay. Be cautious of strangers asking to “practice English” or to accompany them to nearby locations. Be aware of “tea tasting”, “massage”, or other scams.
Travellers should be aware that weapons are prohibited, and foreigners have been prosecuted for possession of prohibited weapons. The laws apply to those transiting Hong Kong airport and apply to carry-on luggage, luggage in transit, and checked luggage. Prohibited weapons include slingshots, stun devices, any spear or dart guns, knuckledusters, etc.
China has a zero-tolerance policy about drugs. Severe penalties for drug-related offences include the death penalty.
Driving in China requires a Chinese driver’s license. To purchase a train ticket, travellers must show their passport. Theft on trains is common.
Always ask permission before taking photos of Buddhist monasteries. Note that there is sometimes a fee associated with this.
Internet access is strictly restricted by Chinese authorities.
LGBTI travellers should note that although homosexuality is legal in China, same-sex marriage is prohibited and anti-discrimination laws are not in place. LGBTI travellers may face discrimination and should avoid open displays of affection.
China is affected by earthquakes, tsunamis, flooding, and typhoons (in May-November). Monitor local news sources closely for information about natural disasters.
极端暴力
Terrorist attacks are possible either targeted or random. Such attacks occur in places frequented by travelers and expats. Since 2014, violent attacks (including knife attacks) have caused injuries and deaths in public places. They have occured in railway stations and markets. It is advised to exercise caution and remain vigilant during national holidays or when transiting public transport hubs.
政治动荡
Minimize safety risk by avoiding public and political gatherings and demonstrations in any city. Even peaceful protests can quickly and unexpectedly become violent. Those choosing to participate in demonstrations face the risk of arrest and/or deportation. During periods of tension, some news reporting, access to text-messaging, the internet and to international telephone lines may be blocked.
应避免的区域
Exercise a high degree of caution when travelling in the Tibet Autonomous Region (Xizang) and Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region as police presence, violence and unrest are common in this region, and ethnic minorities have been detained. Travellers must obtain a permit before travelling to this region. Authorities may also impose curfews and restrictions on short notice.
