Saudi Arabia
关于Saudi Arabia
| 货币 | Saudi Riyal (SAR) |
| 语言 | Arabic |
| 资本 | Riyadh |
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is the largest Arab country of the Middle East located north of Yemen and south of Iraq and Jordon. It borders on the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea. The estimated population is 26 million people. The government of Saudi Arabia is an Islamic absolute monarchy, with the king as chief of state and prime minister. Saudi Arabia’s economy is dominated by oil exports that account for more than 90 percent of all exports and about 75 percent of government revenues.
The Kingdom is sometimes called “The Land of the Two Holy Mosques” since it is the location for the two holiest cities in Islam, Mecca and Medina. In 2010, approximately three million people participated in the Hajj, the annual pilgrimage to the holy places of Islam. The resulting crowded conditions can spread diseases quickly, and the potential for accidental injury is a serious concern. The government of Saudi Arabia requires additional health measures for participation in the Hajj, including meningococcal, polio, and influenza vaccinations. Pilgrims are screened for other diseases, such as dengue fever, meningococcal meningitis, and yellow fever.
The extreme heat and extensive walking involved in the pilgrimage can also cause heat stroke and heat cramps as a result of dehydration.
This country was essentially closed to outsiders for centuries. Today tourism is mainly connected with the religious pilgrimages and brings in about 12 million visitors overall annually.
推荐接种Saudi Arabia的疫苗
对于大多数旅行者来说
乙肝疫苗
There is a significant risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
甲型肝炎疫苗
There is a significant risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
对于一些旅行者
麻疹，腮腺炎，风疹（MMR）疫苗
A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for all travellers over 6 months of age.
黄热病疫苗
This country requires a yellow fever vaccination certificate for travellers 9 months of age and older arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission, and for travellers having transited for more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
脑膜炎疫苗
Travellers participating in the Hajj, including infants and children, are required to provide proof of vaccination with a quadrivalent meningococcal vaccine, received no more than 3 years and no less than 10 days before arrival in Saudi Arabia.
伤寒疫苗
There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities or rural areas where food and water sources may be contaminated.
狂犬病疫苗
Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.
推荐药物治疗Saudi Arabia。
对于一些旅行者
抗疟药
The World Health Organization recommends atovaquone- proguanil, doxycycline, or mefloquine. Drug resistance to chloroquine is present. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention only recommends steps to avoid mosquito bites.
需要注意的疾病为Saudi Arabia。
对于大多数旅行者来说
Hepatitis A
There is a significant risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in Saudi Arabia through contaminated food or water. Infection can still occur at tourist destinations and resorts.
Hepatitis B
There is a significant risk for acquiring hepatitis B in Saudi Arabia.
Dengue Fever
Dengue fever outbreaks have occurred in Saudi Arabia, and the risk to travellers is significant. High risk provinces include Al Madinah, Jizan and Makkah (including the cities of Mecca and Jeddah).
对于一些旅行者
MERS
There is a risk of acquiring MERS-CoV in this country. Scientists do not fully understand how the MERS virus spreads. It is a viral infection transmitted through direct or indirect contact with infected camels or camel-related products. Limited person-to-person transmission through coughing and sneezing from infected persons, typically in healthcare settings, has also been reported. There is currently no vaccine to prevent MERS.
Tuberculosis
Travellers to this country are at risk for tuberculosis, if visiting ill friends or family, working in the health care field, or having close prolonged contact with infected persons.
Hanta Virus
There is a risk of acquiring Hanta Virus in this country through the consumption of food and water contaminated by an infected rodent or through rodent bites.
Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever
There is a risk of acquiring Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in this country through specific insect, bug or tick bites or by coming in close contact with a person or animal infected with this disease. Travellers involved in activities like hiking, camping, working with animals, and visiting farms and forested areas are at a higher risk. There are no vaccinations (or medications) to prevent Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever
Schistosomiasis
There is a very low risk of schistosomiasis in this country. It can be acquired through contact with fresh water, such as swimming, bathing, or rafting. Well-chlorinated swimming pools and contact with saltwater in oceans or seas will not put travellers at risk.
Measles
There is a risk of Measles in this country, especially in infants aged 6 to 11 months.
Rift Valley Fever (RVF)
Sporadic outbreaks of Rift Valley Fever (RVF) occur in Saudi Arabia.
Malaria
The World Health Organization states that there is a limited malaria risk from September to January along the southern border with Yemen. There is no risk in Mecca, Medina, Jeddah, Riyadh, and Ta'if.
Yellow Fever
There is no risk of yellow fever transmission. However, this country requires a yellow fever vaccination certificate for travellers 9 months of age and older arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission, and for travellers having transited for more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
Typhoid Fever
Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in Saudi Arabia, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where food and water sources may be contaminated.
Meningitis
There is a risk of meningitis during the Hajj, the annual pilgrimage to Mecca (Makkah). All pilgrims, including infants and children, are required to provide proof of vaccination with a quadrivalent meningococcal vaccine, received no more than 3 years and no less than 10 days before arrival in Saudi Arabia.
Leishmaniasis
Sporadic cases of leishmaniasis occur in Saudi Arabia and is usually more common in rural than urban areas. The risk of acquiring leishmaniasis is increased in travellers who spend time outdoors in rural areas and at night, when sand flies typically feed.
Rabies
Rabies occurs in this country. Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.
安全保卫工作在Saudi Arabia
个人安全
The crime rate in Saudi Arabia is low and most travellers do not experience security problems. However, petty crime, such as pickpocketing, bag snatching, or other theft can occur in any crowded area or tourist destination. Always be alert to your personal safety. Keep valuables secured and out of sight. Safeguard your important documents, such as your passport. Avoid walking alone at night.
Reports of pickpocketing and other theft have increased in Makkah and particularly in the regions of the Grand Mosque and in Medina.
Do not take photographs at the Holy Mosque at Makkah or at the Prophet’s Mosque at Medina.
极端暴力
There is an ongoing general threat of terrorism. Saudi Arabia has experienced terrorist attacks in the past, however, Saudi authorities continue to take action successfully against terrorist groups. Travellers are advised to be alert to personal security and safety, especially in areas frequented by tourists. Avoid large crowds and large gatherings in public. If you encounter large groups or demonstrations, have an exit route. Identify safe places, such as hospitals, police stations, etc.
政治动荡
Although public demonstrations are illegal in this country, demonstrations can occur. In any country, avoid public gatherings or protests since even peaceful demonstrations can escalate into violence.
应避免的区域
Do not travel to areas near the border with Yemen or Qatar. Avoid non-essential travel to the Abha International Airport, in Asir Province, due to the risk of missile and drone attacks. Avoid non-essential travel to Qatif and surrounding suburbs, such as Al Awamiya, in Eastern Province. Ongoing tensions between Saudi security forces and local militants may create a potential for unrest.
