Kenya

推荐接种Kenya的疫苗

对于大多数旅行者来说

乙肝疫苗

There is a significant risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.

甲型肝炎疫苗

There is a significant risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended. Infants 6 to 11 months old should also be vaccinated against the disease.

对于一些旅行者

霍乱疫苗

The U.K. NaTHNaC recommends the oral cholera vaccine for some travellers whose activities or medical history put them at increased risk, travelling to areas of active cholera transmission. These risk factors include: aid workers; those going to areas of cholera outbreaks who have limited access to potable water and medical care; travellers for whom the vaccination would be considered potentially beneficial, such as chronic medical conditions. The U.S. CDC recommends the cholera vaccine for travellers who are 18-64 years of age and who plan to travel to areas of active cholera transmission. CDC notes that most travellers do not travel to areas of active cholera transmission, and that safe food and water practices can prevent many cholera infections.

狂犬病疫苗

Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.

黄热病疫苗

A yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers over 1 year of age arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission. Vaccination is not recommended to Nairobi, Mandera, Wajir, and Garissa and/or the counties of the former Coast Provine, as well as the cities if Malindi, Kwale,Lamu, Mombasa, except Taita-Taveta.

脊髓灰质炎疫苗

A single lifetime booster dose of Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV) is recommended for adults who received the routine polio vaccination series as children.

麻疹，腮腺炎，风疹（MMR）疫苗

One dose of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) is recommended to infants 6 to 11 months prior to international travel.

卡介苗芽孢杆菌（BCG）疫苗

A BCG vaccine is recommended for all unvaccinated adults and children under 16 years of age, staying in the country for more than 3 months. A tuberculin skin test is required prior to administering vaccination for all children from 6 years of age.

脑膜炎疫苗

Because this country is located in the sub-Saharan meningitis belt, vaccination against meningitis is recommended if travelling during the dry season (December to March) in northwest Kenya.

伤寒疫苗

There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through the consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities or rural areas, where water and food sources may be contaminated.

推荐药物治疗Kenya。

对于一些旅行者

抗疟药

With the exception of Nairobi and highlands above 2,500 meters, there is a risk of exposure to malaria throughout Kenya. Recommended anti-malaria medication includes atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, or mefloquine. Resistance to chloroquine has been reported.

需要注意的疾病为Kenya。

对于大多数旅行者来说

Hepatitis B

There is a significant risk for acquiring hepatitis B in Kenya.

Dengue Fever

Dengue fever outbreaks occur in Kenya, and the risk to travellers is significant.

Hepatitis A

There is a significant risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in Kenya through contaminated food or water. Infection can still occur at tourist destinations and resorts.

Cholera

Cholera may occur in Kenya.

Chikungunya Fever

Chikungunya fever has occurred in this country.

对于一些旅行者

MERS

This is a viral infection transmitted via direct or indirect contact with infected camels/camel-related products. Symptoms include fever, breathing difficulties, and cough that can sometimes lead to severe shortness of breath. MERS-CoV is known to most commonly occur in camel-owning households in Kenya.

West Nile Fever

The virus is transmitted to animals, birds and humans by mosquitoes. Symptoms include fever, headache, tiredness, body aches, nausea, and skin rash.

Polio

There is a risk of acquiring Polio in the country and is transmitted from one person to another when droplets from a sneeze or cough of an infected person gets into the mouth of another person.

Rift Valley Fever (RVF)

Commonly spread via contact with domesticated animals infected with the virus. These include cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, and camels, among others.

Hanta Virus

There is a risk of acquiring hantavirus in Kenya through contaminated food or by coming into contact with someone infected with the virus

Marburg Haemorrhagic Fever

Marburg hemorrhagic fever is caused by touching infected animals or their body fluids ; touching body fluids (blood or sweat) from an infected person or objects contaminated with the body fluids of a person infected with Ebola or Marburg virus.

Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever

There is a risk of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic fever in Kenya.

Leishmaniasis

There is a risk of acquiring Leishmaniasis in the country. The infection is transmitted by the bite of infected phlebotomine sandfly.

Measles

There is a risk of exposure to measles in the country.

Meningitis

Outbreaks of meningitis may occur in Kenya usually during the dry season from December through March.

Sleeping Sickness (Type 2)

This disease occurs in Kenya. High-risk areas are Nyanza Province, Western Province, and southwestern Rift Valley Province. Travellers to urban areas are not at risk.

Yellow Fever

There is a risk of yellow fever transmission in Kenya.

Typhoid Fever

Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in Kenya, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where food and water sources may be contaminated.

Malaria

All areas including wildlife reserves and parks in Kenya at altitudes below 2,500 meters (<8,202 ft) are at risk for malaria. There is a low risk of transmission in Nairobi and the highlands above 2,500 meters.

Tuberculosis

Travellers to Kenya are at risk for tuberculosis if visiting sick friends or family, working in the health care field, or having close prolonged contact with the general population.

Rabies

Rabies occurs in this country. Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.

Schistosomiasis

The parasite that causes schistosomiasis is found in Kenya. It is acquired through contact with fresh water, such as swimming, bathing, or rafting. Well-chlorinated swimming pools and contact with saltwater in oceans or seas will not put travellers at risk for schistosomiasis.

African Tick Bite Fever

This disease occurs in this country.

安全保卫工作在Kenya

个人安全

There is a high incidence of crime throughout most of Kenya, especially at coastal beach resorts, and in Nairobi, Mombasa, and Kisumu. Travellers should remain aware of their surroundings at all times, avoid venturing away from tourist areas, and refrain from travelling after dark.

Petty crime occurs often in major towns and in coastal beach resorts. Thieves may impersonate police officers, hotel employees, and government officials. Travellers should ask for identification if approached. Always keep personal belongings in a safe, and always keep doors locked. Avoid wearing expensive clothing and jewelry. Credit cards and cheques are often stolen.

Violent crime has been occurring more frequently in Nairobi, including carjackings, armed robbery, kidnappings, and burglaries. These crimes usually increase around the Christmas holidays.

Carjackings often occur when traveling to and from Jomo Kenyatta International Airport (JKIA) and Nairobi. Travellers should use transportation organized by tour companies or well-marked taxis when arriving at JKIA. Do not exchange currency in the public areas of the airport. Store valuables in locked suitcases and carry-on luggage as items are often stolen out of checked luggage.

Although main road conditions are good, road travel may be dangerous due to poor road conditions, poorly maintained vehicles and reckless driving. Exercise extreme caution in rural areas where roads may be unpaved and unlit at night. Avoid travelling after dark. During the rainy season, some roads may be impassable due to flooding. There have been reports of cars being attacked while travelling in game parks and reserves and on main roads to bordering countries.

Avoid using public transportation, including ferries, due to poor safety standards.

Women travelling on their own should be highly vigilant due to the high incidence of sexual assaults, including those against foreigners.

Foreigners considering volunteer work in Kenya should ensure the non-governmental organization they plan to work with is legitimate. Volunteers in Kenya are sometimes mistreated and stranded by illegitimate NGOs.

Always carry a copy of your passport and visa when travelling in Kenya. You may be asked for identification by police officers.

It is illegal to use or import plastic bags and offenders can face fines. Smoking in public places is also illegal. Do not take photos of military or government installations and airports.

All travelers to Kenya are advised to dress and behave conservatively, especially in the coastal region where there is a very large Muslim population. Travellers should take note of whether they will be travelling during the Islamic holy month of Ramadan. During this time, respect the religious practices of the country and avoid eating, drinking and smoking in public between sunrise and sunset.

The rainy seasons in Kenya are between October-November and late March-mid June. Flooding, landslides, major damage to infrastructure and disruption to travel plans may result. Severe droughts may also occur in Kenya. Monitor local weather reports closely and stay informed of local evacuation plans.

LGBTI travellers should note that same-sex behaviours and same-sex marriage are illegal in Kenya, and LGBTI people face severe social discrimination.

In August 2019 seven people visiting Hell’s Gate National Park were trapped and died in one of the gorges when flash flooding swept through the area. The gorges are prone to flooding. The Kenya Wildlife Service stated tourists are usually accompanied by experienced guides trained to detect storm water flowing down towards the gorge. Ensure you have an experienced guide, and consider avoiding this area during the rainy season.

极端暴力

There is an increased and ongoing risk of terrorist attacks, kidnappings, and crime throughout Kenya, including Nairobi and the resort areas around Mombasa and Malindi, the towns of Narok, Naivasha, Nanyuki, and Meru. Terrorist attacks and kidnappings could target foreign travellers and areas frequented by foreigners, including restaurants and bars, hotels, markets, and shopping areas, transportation, and religious sites. Aid workers should ensure there are adequate security plans in place. Be highly vigilant and cautious at all times. Multiple kidnappings of Westerners have occurred in Kenya.

There is an increased risk of terrorist attacks in the following counties:

• Mandera

• Wajir

• Garissa

政治动荡

Civil unrest, confrontations and attacks over ethnicity, land ownership and access to water can occur in rural regions of Kenya, such as Massai territory and the Eastern and Central province and in northern Kenya during severe droughts.

应避免的区域

Avoid travelling to areas bordering Somalia, including Garissa, Mandera, Wajir, and Lamu, due to a high risk of kidnapping and extreme violence. The border with Somalia is closed but gang violence, ethnic disputes, military, and police presence and frequent roadblocks make this region unsafe.

Due to increased banditry, local authorities have announced a dusk-to-dawn curfew in the following counties :

• Baringo

• Elgeyo-Marakwet

• Laikipia

• Samburu

• Turkana

• West Pokot

• Shakahola (Malindi)