Laos

推荐接种Laos的疫苗

对于大多数旅行者来说

乙肝疫苗

该国家存在感染乙型肝炎的巨大风险，因此，建议进行疫苗接种。

甲型肝炎疫苗

该国家存在接触甲型肝炎的巨大风险，因此，建议进行疫苗接种。

脊髓灰质炎疫苗

所有前往老挝的旅行者都应确保在过去10年中接种过脊髓灰质炎疫苗，并且孩子们已接种了全程疫苗。

对于一些旅行者

霍乱疫苗

英国NaTHNaC向那些活动或病史使他们处于高风险，前往霍乱传播活跃地区的旅行者建议口服霍乱疫苗。这些风险因素包括：援助人员；那些在霍乱疫情爆发地区喝水和医疗服务有限的人；对其进行疫苗接种可能被认为可能有益的旅行者，例如慢性病。美国疾病预防控制中心向年龄在18-64岁且计划前往霍乱传播活跃地区的旅行者推荐霍乱疫苗。疾病预防控制中心指出，大多数旅行者不会前往霍乱传播活跃地区，安全的饮食和饮水习惯可以预防许多霍乱感染。

狂犬病疫苗

建议参加可能与狂犬病，蝙蝠和其他哺乳动物直接接触的户外活动旅行者（例如，露营者，远足者，骑自行车的人，冒险旅行者和洞穴探险者）接种狂犬病疫苗。具有职业风险的人（例如兽医，野生动植物专业人士，研究人员）以及长期旅行者和外派人员面临的风险更高，应该接种疫苗。

日本脑炎疫苗

关于老挝日本脑炎的可用数据有限。在5月至10月的几个月里，在农村地区从事广泛的户外活动的旅行者可能会增加危险，因此建议接种疫苗。

伤寒疫苗

在该国，由于食用不安全的食物和水，有遭受伤寒的危险。由于在这个国家/地区暴露于不安全来源的情况有所不同，因此通常建议接种伤寒疫苗，尤其是在访问可能污染食品和水源的较小城市或农村地区时。

麻疹，腮腺炎，风疹（MMR）疫苗

A dose of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine before travel is recommended for infants 6 to 11 months old.

卡介苗芽孢杆菌（BCG）疫苗

BCG vaccine is recommended for all unvaccinated adults and children under 16 years of age, going to live for more than 3 months in the country. A tuberculin skin test is required prior to administering vaccination for all children from 6 years of age.

推荐药物治疗Laos。

对于一些旅行者

抗疟药

对于高危地区，推荐使用阿托伐醌/鸟嘌呤或强力霉素。对于所有其他区域，建议使用阿托伐醌-异丙胍，强力霉素或甲氟喹。存在对氯喹和甲氟喹（恶性疟原虫）的耐药性。

需要注意的疾病为Laos。

对于大多数旅行者来说

Dengue Fever

登革热全年在老挝各地爆发，对旅行者的风险很大。

Hepatitis B

在老挝，存在乙型肝炎的重大风险。

Chikungunya Fever

这种疾病的暴发通常发生在热带雨季，但是暴发也可能发生在干旱季节。

Hepatitis A

在老挝，受污染的食物或水可能会感染A型肝炎病毒。在旅游目的地和度假胜地仍然可能发生感染。

Cholera

霍乱可能在这个国家发生。

对于一些旅行者

Rabies

狂犬病发生在这个国家。参与户外活动的旅行者（例如露营者，远足者，骑自行车的人，冒险旅行者和探洞者）可能与狂犬病的狗，蝙蝠和其他哺乳动物直接接触。那些有职业风险的人（例如兽医，野生动植物专业人士，研究人员）以及长期旅行者和外派人员面临的风险更高。

Hanta Virus

There is a risk of acquiring Hantavirus in the country through the consumption of contaminated food or being around someone who is sick with hantavirus

Measles

There is a risk of acquiring measles in the country.

Polio

尽管在老挝没有人类感染野生脊髓灰质炎的病例，但该国最近报告了从脊髓灰质炎疫苗株中获得的脊髓灰质炎病例。

Malaria

除万象市外，老挝所有地区都有疟疾风险。在博科和卢安纳姆萨省的老挝/缅甸边境，疟疾风险很高；在占巴塞省和萨拉万省的老挝-泰国边界沿线；沿老挝-柬埔寨边界；以及老挝和越南边境。

Typhoid Fever

在老挝，未接种疫苗的人可能会受到污染的食物和水的感染，尤其是在访问水和食物来源可能受到污染的较小的城市，村庄或农村地区时。

Tuberculosis

如果老挝的旅客去探望生病的朋友或家人，在医疗保健领域工作或与普通人群密切接触，则有患肺结核的危险。

Zika Fever

寨卡病毒在这个国家有传播。

Schistosomiasis

在老挝，血吸虫病发生在湄公河的Không岛以及Pakxé和Bassac地区。这种疾病是通过与淡水接触（例如游泳，沐浴或漂流）而获得的。氯化程度高的游泳池以及在海洋中与盐水的接触不会使旅行者面临血吸虫病的危险。

Japanese encephalitis

关于老挝的日本脑炎的可用数据有限，但是，该疾病被认为是在5月至10月的全国范围内发生的。旅行者的风险较低，但是在农村地区进行大量户外活动将增加这种风险。

安全保卫工作在Laos

个人安全

Petty crime, such as pick-pocketing and bag-snatching, is common in cities, and tourists are the main targets. Travellers should avoid showing signs of affluence, such as expensive clothing or jewelry, and ensure their personal belongings and travel documents are safe at all times.

Sexual assaults are being reported more frequently. Women, in particular, should avoid walking alone in isolated areas and after dark. Avoid accepting food or drink from strangers or new acquaintances. There have been reports of drinks being spiked with drugs.

In some areas frequented by tourists, people will ingest food or beverages that contain opium and other drugs. Be aware that it is dangerous to ingest any amount of opiates or unknown drugs, particularly in areas where medical facilities are limited. Tourists have died in Laos from ingesting drug-laced food or drinks. Fatal drug overdoses have occurred with very small quantities.

The penalty for using or trafficking drugs is very severe in Laos, including the death penalty.

Road travel can be dangerous due to poor road conditions, poor vehicle maintenance, and reckless driving. Road banditry has been reported. Checkpoints and roadblocks may occur in some areas. Authorities may search and detain travellers if identification is not provided. Carry official identification at all times. If you cannot present your identification upon request, you can be heavily fined. Do not travel at night.

Public transportation is unreliable. Boat travel may be dangerous as safety standards are poor, and there have been reports of boats being robbed.

Exercise extreme caution if participating in outdoor adventure activities as safety standards may not be adequate. Purchase travel and medical insurance before departing and ensure your insurance policy covers outdoor adventure activities, including medical evacuation.

Never leave well-used roads and trails due to the risk of unexploded landmines and other munitions, especially in the following areas: the Plains of Jars in Xieng Khouang Province and the Lao-Vietnamese border, including areas formerly traversed by the Ho Chi Minh Trail.

Do not take photos of government or military installations, bridges or airports.

LGBTI travellers should note same-sex relationships are not illegal in Laos. However, Lao remains culturally conservative and same-sex couples may face discrimination.

All travellers should avoid public displays of affection so as to not offend. Sexual relationships between foreign and Lao nationals is against the law unless the two people are married.

Laos experiences a rainy season from May-November. Flooding, landslides, major damage to infrastructure could disrupt travel plans. Monitor weather reports closely and follow advice of local authorities.

Tourism infrastructure is limited outside of Vientiane and Luang Prabang.

极端暴力

There is no recent history of terrorism in Laos; however, attacks cannot be ruled out. There are large amounts of unexploded ordnance (UXO) in Laos; they are present in some parts of Savannakhet, Xieng Khouang, Salavan, Khammouane, Sekong, Champassak, Houaphan, Attapeu, Luang Prabang, and Vientiane provinces. Along Route 7 (from Route 13 to the Vietnam border), Route 9 (Savannakhet to the Vietnam border), and Route 20 (Pakse to Salavan). Do not pick up unknown metal objects, and avoid travelling off well-used roads, tracks, and paths.

政治动荡

Avoid demonstrations and political gatherings to minimize safety risks.

应避免的区域

Avoid travelling to Xaisômboun province due to a volatile security situation. High levels of criminal activity such as drug and human trafficking have been recorded in Bokeo province. Caution should also be exercised while traveling along the border areas with Myanmar (Burma).