Haiti
关于Haiti
| 货币 | The Gourde (HTG) |
| 语言 | French and Haitian Creole |
| 资本 | Port-au-Prince |
The Republic of Haiti occupies the western third of the island of Hispaniola with the Dominican Republic to the east. The country is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. The population of Haiti is about 9.8 million people.
The island was discovered by Christopher Columbus in 1492. In 1697, the western third of the island came under French control and became known as Haiti. Slave importation increased very rapidly, enabling Haiti to became one of the wealthiest Caribbean islands. In 1791 Toussaint L’Ouverture led a revolution by the slaves against the French, and by 1804, Haiti had achieved independence from France and freedom from slavery.
Through the years, Haiti has experienced political violence, instability, various dictatorships, human rights violations, and repressive, corrupt governments. In 2006, Haiti finally achieved a democratic government, with an elected president and parliament. The president is chief of state, and a prime minister is head of government.
Haiti is often described as the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere, with a weak economy, high rate of unemployment, and environmental degradation. The country still struggles with the effects of recent disasters. In January 2010, a 7.0 magnitude earthquake struck Haiti, leaving Port-au-Prince and most of the country devastated. About 250,000 people were killed, and about a million people left homeless. A cholera epidemic introduced after the earthquake killed an additional 7,000 people, and a 2012 hurricane left even more devastation.
推荐接种Haiti的疫苗
对于大多数旅行者来说
乙肝疫苗
Hepatitis B vaccine is recommended.
甲型肝炎疫苗
Hepatitis A vaccination is highly recommended.
对于一些旅行者
霍乱疫苗
The U.K. NaTHNaC recommends the oral cholera vaccine for some travellers whose activities or medical history put them at increased risk, travelling to areas of active cholera transmission. These risk factors include: aid workers; those going to areas of cholera outbreaks who have limited access to potable water and medical care; travellers for whom the vaccination would be considered potentially beneficial, such as chronic medical conditions. The U.S. CDC recommends the vaccination for children and adults who are travelling to areas of active cholera transmission. CDC notes that Cholera is rare in traveller and that safe food and water practices can prevent cholera infections.
黄热病疫苗
There is no risk of yellow fever transmission in this country. However, this country requires a yellow fever vaccination certificate for travellers over one year of age arriving from countries/territories at risk for yellow fever transmission.
伤寒疫苗
Unvaccinated travellers are at risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities, rural areas where food and water sources may be contaminated.
狂犬病疫苗
Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.
推荐药物治疗Haiti。
对于一些旅行者
抗疟药
Recommended anti-malaria medications include atovaquone-proguanil, chloroquine, doxycycline, or mefloquine.
需要注意的疾病为Haiti。
对于大多数旅行者来说
Hepatitis B
There is a high risk of exposure to hepatitis B in Haiti.
Hepatitis A
There is a high risk of exposure to hepatitis A in Haiti.
Dengue Fever
There is a risk of dengue fever exposure in Haiti.
Cholera
There is a very high risk of exposure to cholera in Haiti where there have been serious epidemics of this disease.
Chikungunya Fever
Chikungunya fever has occurred in this country.
对于一些旅行者
Malaria
All areas of Haiti are at risk for exposure to malaria.
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis occurs in this country. Travellers to this country are at risk for tuberculosis if visiting sick friends or family, working in the healthcare field, or having close prolonged contact with the general population.
Typhoid Fever
There is a high risk of typhoid fever in Haiti, especially if staying with friends or relatives or visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where exposure might occur through contaminated food or water.
Rabies
There is a significant risk of exposure to rabies in Haiti through contact with stray animals and in any activities that might involve direct contact with bats, carnivores, and other mammals.
Zika Fever
There is transmission of the Zika virus in this country.
Yellow Fever
There is no risk of yellow fever transmission in this country. However, this country requires a yellow fever vaccination certificate for travellers over one year of age arriving from countries/territories at risk for yellow fever transmission.
安全保卫工作在Haiti
个人安全
The security situation in Haiti is highly unstable, with a high risk of violent crime and lawlessness.
Due to the lack of infrastructure and emergency services in Haiti, those travelling to this country are advised to have pre-arranged plans to be attached to an organization that has arrangements for personal security. Travellers should have contingency plans for safety, emergencies and medical evacuation. Ensure travel and medical insurance is purchased before departing. Haiti has limited medical facilities and, in the case of severe injury or illness, evacuation from the country may be required.
There is a high risk of assault and robbery in Haiti, as well as a high risk of kidnapping. Foreigners have been killed in kidnappings and robberies. Avoid showing signs of wealth, and keep valuables out of sight to avoid being targeted for theft. Safeguard your important documents, such as your passport. Do not carry large sums of cash. Do not travel alone.
Road travel may be dangerous due to poor road conditions, poor vehicle maintenance, and reckless driving. Exercise extreme caution in rural areas where roads may be unpaved and unlit at night. Avoid travelling after dark. If travelling at night is unavoidable, keep doors locked and windows up. Be aware that ‘Route Nationale’ roads may face sudden blockades. Monitor local news before setting out on a road journey.
Do not use public transportation. Avoid using taxis. Use rental cars from a reliable agency with a local driver.
Hurricane season is between June and November. Flooding, landslides, major damage to infrastructure and disruption to travel plans may result. Be aware of the evacuation routes and monitor weather updates closely.
Earthquakes occur occasionally in Haiti and resulting tsunamis could occur. Follow instructions of local authorities in the case of a natural disaster.
Although same-sex relationships are not illegal in Haiti, there is a lack of acceptance due to the conservative nature of the country. LGBTI travellers should avoid public displays of affection.
极端暴力
There is a high risk for violent crime. Violent encounters between gang members and vigilante groups have increased in and around Port-au-Prince.
政治动荡
Due to the unpredictable security situation, volatile political situation and lack of resources to respond to emergency situations, completely avoid any public gatherings or demonstrations. Protests may occur unexpectedly. There is a high risk that these situations can turn violent. There have been reports of foreigners being caught in a demonstration area and attacked. Have a contingency plan if caught in a dangerous situation.
应避免的区域
The security situation is volatile and there is a high risk of kidnapping, crime, and civil unrest. It is advised to avoid all travel to Haiti.
