Monkeypox (none)
0}は何ですか？
Monkeypox is an infectious disease caused by a virus that is related to the smallpox virus. This virus infects humans and some rodents. There are two types that infect humans, specifically the West African type that causes less severe disease (1 per cent mortality rate) and the Central African (Congo Basin) type that results in more severe disease (10 per cent mortality rate). While this virus causes sporadic cases and occasional outbreaks in Central and Western Africa, sporadic cases may appear in other countries in travellers who acquire their infection in Africa.
Small rodents in Africa are the reservoir for this virus.
どうやってMonkeypox (none)を手に入れる？
Monkeypox can spread to anyone through close or intimate personal contact with an infected person, often by skin-to-skin contact including direct contact with monkeypox rash, sores, or scabs from a person with monkeypox. The virus can also be transmitted through contact with objects, fabrics (clothing, bedding, or towels), and surfaces that have been used by someone with monkeypox. It is also spread by contact with respiratory secretions, kissing and other face-to-face contacts. Although monkeypox is not a sexually transmitted disease, it may be transmitted during sex through oral, anal, and vaginal sex or touching the genitals (penis, testicles, labia, and vagina) or anus of a person with monkeypox.
Bites from infected animals may also transmit the virus.
感受性と抵抗性
Persons who were vaccinated against smallpox before the eradication of this disease in the late 1970s may have some cross-immunity to this virus. Otherwise, all persons are susceptible, especially under the age of 40 years.
症状とは？
Symptoms usually begin within 2 weeks of exposure to the virus. The patient may notice flu-like symptoms such as a fever, headache, muscle aches and backache, swollen lymph nodes, chills, or
exhaustion. Within 1-3 days, the patient will develop a rash or sores, initially on the face before appearing elsewhere such as the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. Some patients develop sores in the mouth or in the eyes. The sores will go through several stages, including scabs, before healing. The sores can look like pimples or blisters and may be painful or itchy.
Sexual activities may result in sores in the genital area.
The sores begin as small flat spots that become bumps which then fill with what is at first a clear liquid. The liquid in the bump turns yellow and the blister breaks and scabs over. There may be a few sores or several thousand, sometimes merging to produce large lesions. The rash typically lasts around ten days. An unwell person may have the rash for two to four weeks. After healing, the lesions may leave pale spots that may turn into dark scars.
Monkeypox can be spread from the time symptoms start until all sores, including scabs, have healed and a fresh layer of skin has formed. This can take several weeks.
予防対策
Avoid close or intimate personal contact with a person with the typical rash caused by monkeypox. This includes avoiding contact with bedding, towels or any other personal items used by the patient. Sexual contact should be avoided. Frequent hand washing is recommended when in the presence of a patient with this disease.
Vaccination with the modified vaccinia smallpox vaccine is recommended for persons who have had close contact with a case within the past 4 days and for health care workers who might be exposed to a monkeypox patient.
処置
In the European Union and the United States, a drug called tecovirimat is approved for treatment. The drug recommended for treatment of smallpox, brincidofovir, is also recommended.
検証
予防接種
それはどこで一般的に発生しますか？
While this virus causes sporadic cases and occasional outbreaks in Central and Western Africa, sporadic cases may appear in other countries in travellers who acquire their infection in Africa.
