中国
中国カレンダー
| 通貨 | Renminbi. Basic unit of currency is the Yuan. (RMB) |
| 言語 | See Facts below |
| 資本金 | Beijing |
The People’s Republic of China is located in eastern Asia between North Korea and Vietnam. China has the largest population in the world with about 1.3 billion people. It is the region of one of the world’s earliest civilizations.
There are seven main Chinese dialects and Mandarin is the dialect spoken by about 70 percent of the people. Other dialects spoken in China are Cantonese, Wu, Min, Xiang, Gan, and Hakka. Many other languages are spoken by ethnic minorities.
For more than 4,000 years, China’s political system was based on hereditary monarchies known as dynasties. The last dynasty, the Qing, ended in 1911 with the founding of the Republic of China. In 1949, the communist party won a protracted civil war and established the People’s Republic of China on mainland China. The defeated side (the Kuomintang) retreated to Taiwan.
The government is centralized in the Chinese Communist Party under a single-party system. There is a president as head of state and a premier as head of government with a National People’s Congress and a State Council. The highest level of power is the National People’s Congress.
China is undergoing major economic and social change. The introduction of a market-based economy has led to reforms that have created the world’s fastest-growing major economy, the world’s largest exporter, and the second-largest importer of goods. As a result, China has become a major superpower with the world’s largest standing army and the second-largest defense budget.
Visitors to China can see the Forbidden City, Summer Palace, the Great Wall, Tiananmen Square, temples, markets, and museums, to name just a few.
0}のために推奨される予防接種
ほとんどの旅行者の方へ
A型肝炎ワクチン
There is a significant risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended. Infants 6 to 11 months old should also be vaccinated against the disease.
B型肝炎ワクチン
Due to a significant risk of exposure to hepatitis B, vaccination is recommended.
一部の旅行者のために
BacillusCalmette-Guérin（BCG）ワクチン
Vaccination is recommended for all unvaccinated adults, children under 16 years of age, staying for more than 3 months in the country. A tuberculin skin test is required prior to administering vaccination for all children from 6 years of age.
ダニ媒介性脳炎ワクチン
Vaccination is recommended for all travelers to high risk areas. There is also a high risk of exposure to those engaging in forestry, woodcutting, farming and the military, such as campers, hikers, hunters and individuals who undertake fieldwork.
黄熱病ワクチン
This country requires a yellow fever vaccination certificate for all persons 9 months of age or older if travelling from a country with a risk of yellow fever transmission, including transit in an airport located in a country with risk of yellow fever transmission. This requirement does not apply to travellers whose itineraries are limited to Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) and Macao SAR.
狂犬病ワクチン
Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.
腸チフスワクチン
Unvaccinated travellers are at risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities, rural areas, or staying with friends and family.
日本脳炎ワクチン
This vaccination is recommended for people who plan extensive outdoor activities while visiting rural or farming areas during the months of May to October. It is not recommended for itineraries that are limited to Beijing or other major cities.
0}のために推奨される薬
現時点では中国のおすすめはありません。
0}のために注意すべき病気
ほとんどの旅行者の方へ
チクングニアフィーバー
この国ではチクングニア熱が発生しています。
B型肝炎
中国ではB型肝炎にかかるリスクが非常に高くなっています。
A型肝炎
中国では、汚染された食品や水を介したA型肝炎ウイルスへの曝露には重大なリスクがあります。観光地やリゾートでも感染が発生する可能性があります。
デング熱
デング熱の発生は、中国、特に南東部のより熱帯地域で発生しています。
一部の旅行者のために
発疹チフス
ツツガムシ病としても知られるツツガムシ病は、中国の一部の地域で発生しています。
ダニ媒介性脳炎
ダニ媒介性脳炎は、中国北部の森林地帯で初夏と晩夏に発生します。
クリミア・コンゴ出血熱
クリミア・コンゴ出血熱の発生が中国西部で発生しました。
腸チフス
ワクチン未接種の人々は、特に小さな都市、村、または農村地域を訪れ、友人や親戚と一緒にいるときに、汚染された食品や水によって感染する可能性があります。
Tuberculosis
結核は中国で発生します。この国への旅行者は、病気の友人や家族を訪ねたり、医療分野で働いたり、一般の人々と長期間密接に接触したりすると、結核のリスクがあります。
リーシュマニア症
リーシュマニア症は、中国の農村地域で最も一般的に発生します。リーシュマニア症にかかるリスクは、田舎で屋外で過ごしたり、砂のハエが通常餌を与える夜に過ごしたりする旅行者で増加します。
住血吸虫症
住血吸虫症は中国で発生しました。住血吸虫症は、水泳、入浴、ラフティングなどの淡水との接触によって獲得される寄生虫症です。十分に塩素処理されたプールや海や海の塩水との接触は、旅行者を住血吸虫症のリスクにさらすことはありません。
日本脳炎
日本脳炎は通常、中国の農村部の農業地域で発生します。発生は、Xizang（チベット）、Xinjiang、およびQinghaiを除くすべての州で記録されています。日本脳炎にかかる旅行者のリスクは低いですが、ウイルスが活発な地域を訪れたり、地方で大規模な野外活動を行ったりすると、このリスクが高まります。
黄熱病
黄熱病の感染のリスクはありません。ただし、この国では、黄熱病の感染のリスクがある国にある空港での輸送を含め、黄熱病の感染のリスクがある国から旅行する場合、9か月以上のすべての人に黄熱病ワクチン接種証明書が必要です。この要件は、旅程が香港特別行政区（SAR）およびマカオSARに限定されている旅行者には適用されません。
狂犬病
狂犬病は中国で発生します。アウトドアアクティビティに参加する旅行者（キャンパー、ハイカー、バイカー、冒険旅行者、洞窟探検家など）は、猛烈な犬、コウモリ、その他の哺乳類と直接接触する可能性があります。職業上のリスクのある人（獣医、野生生物の専門家、研究者など）や長期の旅行者や駐在員はリスクが高くなります。
0}の安全・安心
個人の安全性
Travellers in China are reminded that laws are strictly enforced, and offenders may be fined, detained, arrested, or deported. Petty crime, such as pickpocketing, purse snatching and theft of mobile phones and other electronic devices occurs, even during the day. Criminals target foreigners, especially in major cities and tourist areas. Drink spiking is also common, do not leave drinks unattended and avoid accepting drinks from strangers. Do not hike alone in isolated areas, including on the Great Wall.
Violent crime is rare in China, however, petty crime, such as pickpocketing and theft, is prevalent and foreigners are the major target. Carry your passport with you at all times as travellers may be asked to produce ID. Ensure, however, that your passport is kept in a secure location.
There has been an increase in cases of extortion by taxi drivers. Also, foreigners have been approached by strangers and invited to a nearby establishment for a drink, only to be presented with a large bill and forced to pay. Be cautious of strangers asking to “practice English” or to accompany them to nearby locations. Be aware of “tea tasting”, “massage”, or other scams.
Travellers should be aware that weapons are prohibited, and foreigners have been prosecuted for possession of prohibited weapons. The laws apply to those transiting Hong Kong airport and apply to carry-on luggage, luggage in transit, and checked luggage. Prohibited weapons include slingshots, stun devices, any spear or dart guns, knuckledusters, etc.
China has a zero-tolerance policy about drugs. Severe penalties for drug-related offences include the death penalty.
Driving in China requires a Chinese driver’s license. To purchase a train ticket, travellers must show their passport. Theft on trains is common.
Always ask permission before taking photos of Buddhist monasteries. Note that there is sometimes a fee associated with this.
Internet access is strictly restricted by Chinese authorities.
LGBTI travellers should note that although homosexuality is legal in China, same-sex marriage is prohibited and anti-discrimination laws are not in place. LGBTI travellers may face discrimination and should avoid open displays of affection.
China is affected by earthquakes, tsunamis, flooding, and typhoons (in May-November). Monitor local news sources closely for information about natural disasters.
極限の暴力
Terrorist attacks are possible either targeted or random. Such attacks occur in places frequented by travelers and expats. Since 2014, violent attacks (including knife attacks) have caused injuries and deaths in public places. They have occured in railway stations and markets. It is advised to exercise caution and remain vigilant during national holidays or when transiting public transport hubs.
政情不安
Minimize safety risk by avoiding public and political gatherings and demonstrations in any city. Even peaceful protests can quickly and unexpectedly become violent. Those choosing to participate in demonstrations face the risk of arrest and/or deportation. During periods of tension, some news reporting, access to text-messaging, the internet and to international telephone lines may be blocked.
避けるべきエリア
Exercise a high degree of caution when travelling in the Tibet Autonomous Region (Xizang) and Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region as police presence, violence and unrest are common in this region, and ethnic minorities have been detained. Travellers must obtain a permit before travelling to this region. Authorities may also impose curfews and restrictions on short notice.
