パキスタン

0}のために推奨される予防接種

ほとんどの旅行者の方へ

A型肝炎ワクチン

There is a significant risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country. Therefore, the vaccination is recommended.

B型肝炎ワクチン

There is a significant risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country. Therefore, the vaccination is recommended.

ポリオワクチン

All travellers should ensure that their polio vaccination is up to date. A single life-time booster IPV dose is recommended for adults who received routine vaccination as children. If visiting Pakistan for more than 4 weeks, a traveller may need to provide proof of polio vaccination when leaving Pakistan. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control recommends that long-term travellers and expatriates staying in Pakistan receive a dose of IPV between 4 weeks and 12 months before the date of their planned departure from Pakistan.

一部の旅行者のために

はしか、おたふく風邪、風疹（MMR）ワクチン

A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for all travellers over 6 months of age.

BacillusCalmette-Guérin（BCG）ワクチン

BCG vaccine is recommended for those at increased risk from coming in close contact with infected persons or for unvaccinated, children under 16 years of age, who are going to live in Pakistan for more than 3 months.

黄熱病ワクチン

The yellow fever vaccination is not recommended for this country. However, a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers 1 year of age and older arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.

コレラワクチン

The U.K. NaTHNaC recommends the oral cholera vaccine for some travellers whose activities or medical history put them at increased risk, travelling to areas of active cholera transmission. These risk factors include: aid workers; those going to areas of cholera outbreaks who have limited access to potable water and medical care; travellers for whom the vaccination would be considered potentially beneficial, such as chronic medical conditions.

腸チフスワクチン

There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through the consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, and with the emergence of a strain highly resistant to most antibiotics, vaccination against typhoid fever is recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities or rural areas, where food and water sources may be contaminated.

狂犬病ワクチン

Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.

日本脳炎ワクチン

This vaccination is recommended for travellers whose itineraries include areas around Karachi and the lower Indus Valley from May to November.

0}のために推奨される薬

一部の旅行者のために

抗マラリア薬

Recommended anti-malaria medication includes atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline or mefloquine. Anti-malaria drug resistance for chloroquine is present.

0}のために注意すべき病気

ほとんどの旅行者の方へ

デング熱

Dengue fever outbreaks have occurred in Pakistan in major towns and cities, especially in Karachi.

A型肝炎

There is a significant risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in Pakistan through contaminated food or water.

チクングニアフィーバー

Chikungunya fever has occurred in this country.

コレラ

Cholera outbreaks occur in Pakistan. The risk to travellers is low unless living or working in poor sanitary conditions, drinking untreated water or eating poorly cooked or raw seafood in this country.

B型肝炎

There is a significant risk for acquiring hepatitis B in Pakistan.

一部の旅行者のために

Hanta Virus

There is a risk of acquiring Hantavirus in this country through the consumption of food and water contaminated by an infected rodent or through rodent bites.

麻疹

There is a risk of Measles in this country, especially in infants aged 6 to 11 months.

Hepatitis C

Almost 5 percent of the population is chronically infected with hepatitis C.

ポリオ

In Pakistan, polio has not yet been eradicated. There is continuous transmission of the polio virus.

マラリア

All areas at altitudes less than 2,500 meters, including all cities, are at high risk, especially in Balochistan, Federally Administered Tribal Areas, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa and Sindh.

クリミア・コンゴ出血熱

Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever outbreaks have occurred in Pakistan.

Tuberculosis

Travellers to Pakistan are at risk for tuberculosis if visiting sick friends or family, working in the health care field, or having close prolonged contact with the general population.

日本脳炎

There is limited data available on Japanese encephalitis in Pakistan, however, cases have been reported from around Karachi and in the lower Indus Valley from **May to November.** The risk for travellers is low, but extensive outdoor activity in rural areas will increase this risk.

黄熱病

There is no risk of yellow fever transmission in this country. However, a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers 1 year of age and older arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.

腸チフス

Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in Pakistan, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where food and water sources may be contaminated. A strain of typhoid fever bacteria has emerged that is highly resistant to antibiotic treatment except azithromycin and carbapenems.

狂犬病

Rabies occurs in this country. Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.

リーシュマニア症

Leishmaniasis occurs in Pakistan, more commonly in rural than urban areas, in almost all provinces/regions of Pakistan. The risk of acquiring leishmaniasis is increased in travellers who spend time outdoors in rural areas and at night when sand flies typically feed.

0}の安全・安心

個人の安全性

パキスタンへの旅行者は用心深く、周囲を常に意識している必要があります。パキスタンへの旅行者は、優れたセキュリティを提供するトップホテルにのみ滞在する必要があります。モスクとその周辺は避けてください。反外国感情は、パキスタン全体に広がっている可能性があります。特にカラチや都市部では、武装強盗やランダム射撃などの暴力犯罪が一般的です。一人で、または暗くなった後に旅行することは避けてください。麻薬が報告されているため、見知らぬ人から食べ物や飲み物を絶対に受け取らないでください。スリなどのささいな犯罪は、パキスタンでは一般的です。旅行者は、高価な衣服のような豊かさの兆候を示すことを避け、自分の持ち物と旅行書類が常に安全であることを確認する必要があります。標的の人が短時間誘kidされ、自動バンキング機からお金を引き出すことを余儀なくされる急襲が発生します。政治的理由で外国人を誘dnすることが増えています。ルーチンを変えて、予測できないスケジュールを設定すると、誘kidを防ぐことができます。

極限の暴力

パキスタンでは、交通機関のハブや市場などの混雑した公共の場所でテロ攻撃が行われています。

政情不安

デモや大規模な集会は暴力的になり、暴動、負傷、死に至る可能性があるため避けてください。

避けるべきエリア

テロの脅威、無法状態、および過激主義、民族の分裂、政治的紛争に起因する一般的に不安定な治安状況のため、旅行は避けるべきです：カシミール地域、バルチスタン州、カイバルパクトゥンクワ州、連邦政府管理対象部族地域（FATA）、イスラマバード、カラチ、ラホール、およびパンジャーブ州北部。これらの地域では、自爆、大量デモ、銃撃、暗殺、および即興の爆発物の使用が継続されています。これらの地域では多くの民間人の死傷者が発生しています。盗賊のために警察と治安の取り決めをせずにシンド州の陸地に旅行しないでください。