{"id":106,"date":"2016-03-23T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2016-03-23T04:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/new-blog.sitata.com\/2016\/03\/23\/zika-virus-key-questions-7cefa3f64825\/"},"modified":"2020-09-08T09:29:57","modified_gmt":"2020-09-08T13:29:57","slug":"zika-virus-key-questions-7cefa3f64825","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sitata.com\/hu\/zika-virus-key-questions-7cefa3f64825\/","title":{"rendered":"Zika v\u00edrus - Kulcsk\u00e9rd\u00e9sek"},"content":{"rendered":"

Zika v\u00edrus - Kulcsk\u00e9rd\u00e9sek<\/h3>\n

A Zika-v\u00edrus 1974-es ugandai felfedez\u00e9se \u00f3ta lassan terjedt el a vil\u00e1gon, el\u0151sz\u00f6r m\u00e1s afrikai orsz\u00e1gokba, majd D\u00e9lkelet-\u00c1zsia n\u00e9h\u00e1ny orsz\u00e1g\u00e1ba, azt\u00e1n a Csendes-\u00f3ce\u00e1non \u00e1t (bele\u00e9rtve a Francia Polin\u00e9zi\u00e1ban kit\u00f6rt nagyobb j\u00e1rv\u00e1nyt), v\u00e9g\u00fcl pedig Amerik\u00e1ba. Mostanra 60 orsz\u00e1g jelentett zikav\u00edrussal fert\u0151z\u00f6tt embereket. Legut\u00f3bb D\u00e9l-Korea \u00e9s K\u00edna jelentett megbeteged\u00e9seket olyan utaz\u00f3kn\u00e1l, akik olyan orsz\u00e1gokb\u00f3l t\u00e9rtek vissza, ahol a v\u00edrus kit\u00f6r\u00e9se van. A v\u00edrust azonban 33 amerikai kontinensen l\u00e9v\u0151 orsz\u00e1gban \u00e9s ter\u00fcleten helyileg fert\u0151z\u00f6tt sz\u00fanyogok terjesztik. Legut\u00f3bb Kuba \u00e9s Dominika jelentette a helyi sz\u00fanyogok \u00e1ltali fert\u0151z\u00e9st.<\/p>\n

Mi a jelenlegi helyzet?<\/p>\n

A Zika-v\u00edrus f\u00f6ldrajzi elterjed\u00e9se folyamatosan b\u0151v\u00fclt az\u00f3ta, hogy 2014-ben el\u0151sz\u00f6r \u00e9szlelt\u00e9k a v\u00edrust az amerikai kontinensen. A k\u00e9t legs\u00falyosabban \u00e9rintett orsz\u00e1g Braz\u00edlia \u00e9s Kolumbia volt. M\u00e1s orsz\u00e1gok, mint Jamaica, az Egyes\u00fclt \u00c1llamok Virgin-szigete \u00e9s Puerto Rico, maroknyi \u00e9s t\u00f6bb sz\u00e1z megbeteged\u00e9sr\u0151l sz\u00e1moltak be.<\/p>\n

De mennyire elterjedt val\u00f3j\u00e1ban<\/a>?<\/p>\n

Az orsz\u00e1goknak gondot okoz, hogy megsz\u00e1molj\u00e1k az \u00f6sszes embert, aki ebben a fert\u0151z\u00e9sben szenved. A legt\u00f6bb ember, aki megfert\u0151z\u0151dik ezzel a v\u00edrussal (kb. 80%), egy\u00e1ltal\u00e1n nem betegszik meg. Nem mennek orvosi ell\u00e1t\u00e1sra, \u00e9s ez\u00e9rt nem jelentik \u0151ket az eg\u00e9szs\u00e9g\u00fcgyi hat\u00f3s\u00e1goknak, hogy megsz\u00e1molj\u00e1k \u0151ket. \u00cdgy senki sem tudja megmondani, hogy val\u00f3j\u00e1ban h\u00e1ny ember fert\u0151z\u0151d\u00f6tt meg b\u00e1rmelyik orsz\u00e1gban. Val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171, hogy ez a v\u00edrus el\u00e9gg\u00e9 elterjedt az amerikai kontinens \u00f6sszes orsz\u00e1g\u00e1ban, kiv\u00e9ve Kanad\u00e1t \u00e9s Chil\u00e9t (ahol nincs jelen a v\u00edrus hordoz\u00e1s\u00e1ra alkalmas sz\u00fanyogfajta). Az, hogy m\u00e1s orsz\u00e1gokban nem sz\u00e1moltak be a v\u00edrus \u00e1tvitel\u00e9r\u0151l, nem jelenti azt, hogy ott nem l\u00e9tezik. A helyzetet bonyol\u00edtja, hogy nincsenek j\u00f3v\u00e1hagyott, kereskedelmi forgalomban kaphat\u00f3 laborat\u00f3riumi tesztek a fert\u0151z\u00e9s gyors meger\u0151s\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9re. Bizonyos tesztek elv\u00e9gezhet\u0151k a v\u00edrus jelenl\u00e9t\u00e9nek kimutat\u00e1s\u00e1ra egy t\u00e9nylegesen megbetegedett szem\u00e9lyben, de m\u00e9g ezeknek is vannak bizonyos korl\u00e1tai. N\u00e9ha a teszt \u00f6sszet\u00e9veszthet\u0151 a dengue-l\u00e1z \u00e9s a chikungunya v\u00edrusokkal, amelyek egyidej\u0171leg keringenek a lakoss\u00e1g k\u00f6r\u00e9ben.<\/p>\n

De ez a v\u00edrus nem trivi\u00e1lis<\/p>\n

A v\u00edrus okozta t\u00fcnetek nem k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sebben s\u00falyosak (l\u00e1z, izomf\u00e1jdalom, enyhe ki\u00fct\u00e9s), \u00e9s az emberek \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban n\u00e9h\u00e1ny nap alatt fel\u00e9p\u00fclnek. Erre a fert\u0151z\u00e9sre nincs speci\u00e1lis kezel\u00e9s. A Zika-fert\u0151z\u00e9s okozta hal\u00e1lesetek ritk\u00e1k, \u00e9s olyan szem\u00e9lyekn\u00e9l fordulhatnak el\u0151, akiknek s\u00falyos, m\u00e1r megl\u00e9v\u0151 eg\u00e9szs\u00e9gi \u00e1llapota van. Ez a v\u00edrus azonban nem \u00e1rtalmatlan.<\/p>\n

Mikrokef\u00e1lia<\/p>\n

A mikrokef\u00e1lia (rendellenesen kicsi agy) az \u00fajsz\u00fcl\u00f6ttekn\u00e9l el\u0151fordul\u00f3 \u00e1llapot. Sz\u00e1mos, a terhess\u00e9g alatt el\u0151fordul\u00f3 betegs\u00e9g okozza, bele\u00e9rtve bizonyos j\u00f3l ismert fert\u0151z\u00e9seket, mint p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a n\u00e9met kanyar\u00f3 (rubeola). Ahogy a Zika-v\u00edrus kit\u00f6r\u00e9se egyre nagyobb m\u00e9reteket \u00f6lt\u00f6tt Braz\u00edli\u00e1ban, az orvosok az \u00fajsz\u00fcl\u00f6ttekn\u00e9l megfigyelt\u00e9k ennek az \u00e1llapotnak a dr\u00e1mai n\u00f6veked\u00e9s\u00e9t. Az elm\u00falt \u00e9v sor\u00e1n k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 tanulm\u00e1nyok egyre t\u00f6bb bizony\u00edt\u00e9kot szolg\u00e1ltattak arra, hogy a Zika-v\u00edrus nagy val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171s\u00e9ggel okozza a mikrokef\u00e1li\u00e1t. Tov\u00e1bbi vizsg\u00e1latok folynak ennek meger\u0151s\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9re. Addig is el\u0151vigy\u00e1zatoss\u00e1gb\u00f3l a terhes n\u0151knek \u00e9s a teherbees\u00e9st tervez\u0151 n\u0151knek azt tan\u00e1csolj\u00e1k, hogy ker\u00fclj\u00e9k az olyan ter\u00fcletekre val\u00f3 utaz\u00e1st, ahol ez a v\u00edrus akt\u00edvan kering.<\/p>\n

Guillain-Barr\u00e9-szindr\u00f3ma (GBS)<\/p>\n

A v\u00edrus terjed\u00e9s\u00e9vel 12 orsz\u00e1g vagy ter\u00fclet jelentette a Guillain-Barr\u00e9-szindr\u00f3ma (GBS) \u00e1ltal \u00e9rintett szem\u00e9lyek sz\u00e1m\u00e1nak n\u00f6veked\u00e9s\u00e9t. A GBS egy olyan \u00e1llapot, amely gyakran a fert\u0151z\u00e9s ut\u00e1n egy ideig tart. A t\u00fcnetek k\u00f6z\u00e9 tartozik az \u00e9rz\u00e9s vagy a f\u00e1jdalom gyorsan jelentkez\u0151 megv\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sa, gyakran a kezekben vagy a l\u00e1bakban, amelyet izomgyenges\u00e9g k\u00f6vet. A t\u00fcnetek f\u00e9l nap \u00e9s k\u00e9t h\u00e9t k\u00f6z\u00f6tt alakulnak ki. Az akut f\u00e1zisban ez a betegs\u00e9g \u00e9letvesz\u00e9lyes lehet, a betegek mintegy negyed\u00e9n\u00e9l a l\u00e9gz\u0151izmok gyenges\u00e9ge alakul ki. Egyre t\u00f6bb a bizony\u00edt\u00e9k arra, hogy a Zika-v\u00edrus a GBS \u00faj okoz\u00f3ja.<\/p>\n

Szexu\u00e1lis \u00e1tvitel<\/p>\n

T\u00f6bb orsz\u00e1g (az Egyes\u00fclt \u00c1llamok, Franciaorsz\u00e1g \u00e9s Olaszorsz\u00e1g) jelentette, hogy egy Zik\u00e1val fert\u0151z\u00f6tt f\u00e9rfi \u00e1tadta a fert\u0151z\u00e9st n\u0151i szexu\u00e1lis partner\u00e9nek. Nem ismert, hogy ez gyakori vagy szokatlan m\u00f3dja-e a v\u00edrus \u00e1tvitel\u00e9nek.<\/p>\n

K\u00e9rd\u00e9sek<\/a><\/p>\n

Terhess\u00e9g<\/p>\n

Ha egy terhes n\u0151 ki van t\u00e9ve<\/p>\n

- Nem tudjuk, milyen val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171s\u00e9ggel kapja el a Zik\u00e1t. Sok fert\u0151z\u00f6tt n\u0151 norm\u00e1lis bab\u00e1t hoz vil\u00e1gra.<\/p>\n

Ha egy terhes n\u0151 fert\u0151z\u00f6tt<\/p>\n

- Nem tudjuk, hogy a v\u00edrus milyen hat\u00e1ssal lesz r\u00e1 vagy a terhess\u00e9g\u00e9re.<\/p>\n

- Nem tudjuk, mennyire val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171, hogy a Zika \u00e1tterjed a magzat\u00e1ra.<\/p>\n

- Nem tudjuk, hogy a magzat fert\u0151z\u00f6tt-e, hogy a magzatn\u00e1l sz\u00fclet\u00e9si rendelleness\u00e9gek alakulnak-e ki.<\/p>\n

- Nem tudjuk, hogy a terhess\u00e9g sor\u00e1n a fert\u0151z\u00e9s mikor okozhat k\u00e1rt a magzatnak.<\/p>\n

- Nem tudjuk, hogy a gyermeke sz\u00fclet\u00e9si rendelleness\u00e9gekkel fog-e sz\u00fcletni.<\/p>\n

- Nem tudjuk, hogy a Zika-v\u00edrus szexu\u00e1lis \u00faton t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 \u00e1tvitele a sz\u00fclet\u00e9si rendelleness\u00e9gek szempontj\u00e1b\u00f3l m\u00e1s kock\u00e1zatot jelent-e, mint a sz\u00fanyogok \u00e1ltal t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 \u00e1tvitel.<\/p>\n

Szexu\u00e1lis \u00e1tvitel<\/p>\n

- A v\u00edrus az ond\u00f3ban tov\u00e1bb van jelen, mint a v\u00e9rben, ak\u00e1r 2 h\u00f3napig, de lehet, hogy tov\u00e1bb is.<\/p>\n

- Nem tudjuk, hogy a v\u00edrus mennyi ideig marad meg az ond\u00f3ban.<\/p>\n

- Nem tudjuk, hogy az ond\u00f3ban l\u00e9v\u0151 v\u00edrus milyen gyakran fert\u0151zi meg a szexu\u00e1lis partnert. Egy olyan f\u00e9rfi n\u0151i partner\u00e9nek, aki olyan ter\u00fcleteket l\u00e1togatott meg, ahol a Zika-v\u00edrus akt\u00edvan terjed, legal\u00e1bb 2 h\u00f3napig fogamz\u00e1sg\u00e1tl\u00f3 int\u00e9zked\u00e9seket kell alkalmaznia.<\/p>\n

- Azoknak a f\u00e9rfiaknak, akik olyan ter\u00fcleteken j\u00e1rtak, ahol a Zika v\u00edrus akt\u00edvan terjed, \u00f3vszert kell haszn\u00e1lniuk, ha terhes n\u0151vel \u00e9lnek szexu\u00e1lis kapcsolatot.<\/p>\n

- Nem tudjuk, hogy egy n\u0151 \u00e1tadhatja-e a v\u00edrust egy f\u00e9rfinak szex \u00fatj\u00e1n. Nem tudjuk, hogy a v\u00edrus \u00e1tvihet\u0151-e an\u00e1lis, or\u00e1lis vagy egy\u00e9b szexu\u00e1lis \u00e9rintkez\u00e9s \u00fatj\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

Tesztel\u00e9s<\/p>\n

- Minden olyan terhes n\u0151nek, aki olyan ter\u00fcleteket l\u00e1togatott meg, ahol a Zika v\u00edrus akt\u00edvan terjed, v\u00e9rvizsg\u00e1latot kell v\u00e9geznie a v\u00edrus kimutat\u00e1s\u00e1ra, f\u00fcggetlen\u00fcl att\u00f3l, hogy vannak-e t\u00fcneteik vagy sem.<\/p>\n

- Minden olyan terhes n\u0151nek, aki akt\u00edv Zika-j\u00e1rv\u00e1nyt terjeszt\u0151 ter\u00fcleteket l\u00e1togatott meg, a terhess\u00e9g alatt alapos ut\u00f3vizsg\u00e1latot kell v\u00e9geznie a magzat esetleges rendelleness\u00e9geinek kimutat\u00e1s\u00e1ra.<\/p>\n

- Azokat az embereket, akik olyan ter\u00fcleteken j\u00e1rtak, ahol a Zika v\u00edrus akt\u00edvan terjed, meg kell vizsg\u00e1lni, ha a betegs\u00e9g t\u00fcnetei jelentkeztek n\u00e1luk, vagy ha a betegs\u00e9g t\u00fcnetei jelentkeznek n\u00e1luk.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zika-v\u00edrus - Kulcsk\u00e9rd\u00e9sek A Zika-v\u00edrus 1974-es ugandai felfedez\u00e9se \u00f3ta lassan terjedt el a vil\u00e1gon, el\u0151sz\u00f6r m\u00e1s afrikai orsz\u00e1gokban, majd D\u00e9lkelet-\u00c1zsia n\u00e9h\u00e1ny orsz\u00e1g\u00e1ban, azt\u00e1n a Csendes-\u00f3ce\u00e1non kereszt\u00fcl (bele\u00e9rtve egy nagyobb j\u00e1rv\u00e1nyt Francia Polin\u00e9zi\u00e1ban), \u00e9s most v\u00e9g\u00fcl Amerik\u00e1ban. Mostanra 60 orsz\u00e1g jelentett [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":79880,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[155,20],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nZika Virus\u200a\u2014\u200aKey Questions - Sitata<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sitata.com\/hu\/zika-virus-key-questions-7cefa3f64825\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hu_HU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Zika Virus\u200a\u2014\u200aKey Questions - Sitata\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Zika Virus\u200a\u2014\u200aKey Questions Since the Zika virus was first discovered in Uganda in 1974, it has slowly spread around the world, first to other African countries, then to some countries in southeast Asia, then across the Pacific (including a major outbreak in French Polynesia) and now finally to the Americas. 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